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How does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution differ at high vs. low temperatures?
High Temp: wider, flatter curve, higher speeds. Low Temp: taller, narrower curve, lower speeds.
How does the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution differ for lighter vs. heavier gases?
Lighter Gas: wider, flatter curve, higher speeds. Heavier Gas: taller, narrower curve, lower speeds.
Define Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT).
KMT explains gas behavior based on the motion of particles.
Define an ideal gas.
Theoretical gas that perfectly follows the ideal gas law.
What is kinetic energy (KE)?
Energy possessed by an object due to its motion. KE = 1/2mv^2
What are elastic collisions?
Collisions where energy is transferred without net loss.
Define Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.
Shows how energy/speed is distributed among gas particles at different temperatures.
What is the effect of increasing temperature on gas particle motion?
Increases average kinetic energy, causing particles to move faster.
What is the effect of faster-moving gas particles colliding with container walls?
Increases the pressure inside the container.
What happens when a gas is heated in a rigid container?
Pressure increases due to more frequent and forceful collisions.
What is the effect of increasing temperature on the range of velocities of gas particles?
The range of velocities becomes larger.
What is the effect of increasing temperature on average kinetic energy?
Average kinetic energy increases.