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What are the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?
Homogeneous: Uniform composition, cannot see individual components. Heterogeneous: Non-uniform composition, can see individual components.
What is the difference between molarity and molality?
Molarity (M): Moles of solute / Liters of solution. Molality (m): Moles of solute / Kilograms of solvent.
What are the three energy steps involved in forming a solution?
1. Expand the solute (separate solute particles). 2. Expand the solvent (make space for solute). 3. Solute-solvent interactions (form new attractions).
What is a homogeneous mixture?
A mixture with uniform composition throughout.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
A mixture where the composition is not uniform, and different parts are visible.
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture where a solute is evenly dispersed within a solvent.
Define solute.
The substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Define solvent.
The substance that dissolves the solute in a solution.
What is solvation?
The process where solvent molecules surround solute particles.
What is hydration?
Solvation where the solvent is water.
Define molarity (M).
Moles of solute per liter of solution: M = moles of solute / liters of solution
What is dilution?
Decreasing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.