Define a chemical change.
A change involving the breaking and/or forming of ionic or covalent bonds (intramolecular).
Define a physical change.
A change affecting the arrangement or state of molecules (intermolecular), but not their fundamental structure.
What are reactants?
The starting materials in a chemical reaction.
What are products?
The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
Define intramolecular forces.
Forces that hold atoms together within a molecule (ionic or covalent bonds).
Define intermolecular forces.
Forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules.
Differentiate between chemical and physical changes.
Chemical: Involves breaking/forming bonds (intramolecular). New substances are formed. | Physical: Changes state/arrangement (intermolecular). Substance remains the same.
Compare intramolecular and intermolecular forces.
Intramolecular: Forces within a molecule (e.g., covalent bonds). Stronger. | Intermolecular: Forces between molecules (e.g., hydrogen bonds). Weaker.
What is the effect of breaking intramolecular bonds?
It results in a chemical change, forming new substances.
What is the effect of changing intermolecular forces?
It results in a physical change, altering the state or arrangement of molecules without changing their identity.
What happens when iron reacts with oxygen and water?
Rust (iron oxide) forms, which is a chemical change.
What happens when a substance undergoes combustion?
It reacts rapidly with oxygen, producing heat and light (a chemical change).
