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What is the effect of increasing temperature on molecular speed?
Increasing temperature increases the average kinetic energy of molecules, causing them to move faster.
What effect does increasing temperature have on the frequency of collisions?
Increasing temperature leads to more frequent collisions between molecules.
What is the effect of insufficient energy during a collision?
The collision is ineffective, and no reaction occurs.
What is the effect of incorrect orientation during a collision?
The collision is ineffective, and no reaction occurs.
What happens when molecules collide with enough energy and the correct orientation?
An effective collision occurs, leading to the formation of products.
Define 'chemical kinetics'.
The study of the rates of chemical reactions, focusing on how quickly reactants turn into products.
What is the 'collision model'?
A theory stating that reactions occur when molecules collide with sufficient energy (activation energy) and correct orientation.
Define 'activation energy'.
The minimum energy required for a collision between molecules to result in a chemical reaction.
Define 'effective collision'.
A collision between molecules that has sufficient energy and correct orientation, leading to the formation of products.
Define 'Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution'.
A graph showing the distribution of particle energies at a given temperature, illustrating the range of molecular speeds.
Define 'ineffective collision'.
A collision between molecules that lacks sufficient energy or proper alignment, not leading to a reaction.
Differentiate between 'effective' and 'ineffective' collisions.
Effective: Sufficient energy and correct orientation, leads to product formation. Ineffective: Lacks sufficient energy or proper alignment, no reaction occurs.
Compare kinetic energy and momentum in molecular collisions.
Kinetic Energy: $\frac{1}{2} m_1 v_{1,i}^2 + frac{1}{2} m_2 v_{2,i}^2 = frac{1}{2} m_1 v_{1,f}^2 + frac{1}{2} m_2 v_{2,f}^2$. Momentum: $m_1 v_{1,i} + m_2 v_{2,i} = m_1 v_{1,f} + m_2 v_{2,f}$. Both are conserved in collisions.
What is the difference between average speed and average of squared speeds?
Average speed does not accurately represent energy. Average of squared speeds is used to calculate average kinetic energy.