Define Calorimetry.
The science of measuring heat flow by observing temperature changes when heat is either lost or gained by a system.
What is a Bomb Calorimeter?
A sealed container where a reaction occurs, and the heat released is measured by the temperature change of the surrounding water.
What is a Constant-Pressure Calorimeter?
A calorimeter that measures heat changes at constant pressure, where heat transferred equals ฮH. Useful for reactions in open beakers.
Define Specific Heat (C).
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1ยฐC.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.
What are the basic steps for using a coffee-cup calorimeter?
1. Set up the calorimeter with thermometer, stirrer, and insulated container. 2. Add reactants and initiate the reaction. 3. Measure the temperature change. 4. Calculate heat transfer using q = mCฮT.
How do you calculate heat transfer (q)?
Use the equation: q = mCฮT, where m is mass, C is specific heat, and ฮT is the change in temperature.
Explain the steps to determine the specific heat of a metal using calorimetry.
1. Heat the metal to a known temperature. 2. Place the metal in water within a calorimeter. 3. Measure the final temperature of the water and metal. 4. Use mcฮT (metal) = mcฮT (water) to solve for the specific heat of the metal.
What is the effect of high specific heat on temperature change?
The higher the specific heat, the more energy it takes to change the temperature of a substance.
What happens if a calorimeter is not perfectly insulated?
Heat will be lost to the surroundings, leading to inaccurate measurements of heat transfer.
What is the effect of adding heat to a substance?
The temperature of the substance increases (unless it's undergoing a phase change).
What is the effect of the first law of thermodynamics on calorimetry?
The total energy in the calorimeter remains constant; heat lost by one substance equals heat gained by another.
