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Compare and contrast q and ΔH.
q: Magnitude of heat transfer (always positive). ΔH: Enthalpy change, can be positive (endothermic) or negative (exothermic).
Compare water and sand in terms of specific heat.
Water: High specific heat (4.184 J/g°C), heats up slowly. Sand: Low specific heat (around 0.840 J/g°C), heats up quickly.
What are the basic steps for using a coffee-cup calorimeter?
- Set up the calorimeter with thermometer, stirrer, and insulated container. 2. Add reactants and initiate the reaction. 3. Measure the temperature change. 4. Calculate heat transfer using q = mCΔT.
How do you calculate heat transfer (q)?
Use the equation: q = mCΔT, where m is mass, C is specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Explain the steps to determine the specific heat of a metal using calorimetry.
- Heat the metal to a known temperature. 2. Place the metal in water within a calorimeter. 3. Measure the final temperature of the water and metal. 4. Use mcΔT (metal) = mcΔT (water) to solve for the specific heat of the metal.
Define Calorimetry.
The science of measuring heat flow by observing temperature changes when heat is either lost or gained by a system.
What is a Bomb Calorimeter?
A sealed container where a reaction occurs, and the heat released is measured by the temperature change of the surrounding water.
What is a Constant-Pressure Calorimeter?
A calorimeter that measures heat changes at constant pressure, where heat transferred equals ΔH. Useful for reactions in open beakers.
Define Specific Heat (C).
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.