All Flashcards
What is the effect of high specific heat on temperature change?
The higher the specific heat, the more energy it takes to change the temperature of a substance.
What happens if a calorimeter is not perfectly insulated?
Heat will be lost to the surroundings, leading to inaccurate measurements of heat transfer.
What is the effect of adding heat to a substance?
The temperature of the substance increases (unless it's undergoing a phase change).
What is the effect of the first law of thermodynamics on calorimetry?
The total energy in the calorimeter remains constant; heat lost by one substance equals heat gained by another.
Define Calorimetry.
The science of measuring heat flow by observing temperature changes when heat is either lost or gained by a system.
What is a Bomb Calorimeter?
A sealed container where a reaction occurs, and the heat released is measured by the temperature change of the surrounding water.
What is a Constant-Pressure Calorimeter?
A calorimeter that measures heat changes at constant pressure, where heat transferred equals ΔH. Useful for reactions in open beakers.
Define Specific Heat (C).
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted.
Compare and contrast q and ΔH.
q: Magnitude of heat transfer (always positive). ΔH: Enthalpy change, can be positive (endothermic) or negative (exothermic).
Compare water and sand in terms of specific heat.
Water: High specific heat (4.184 J/g°C), heats up slowly. Sand: Low specific heat (around 0.840 J/g°C), heats up quickly.