What are the key differences between pH and pOH?
pH: Measures acidity, based on [H+]. Lower pH = more acidic. | pOH: Measures basicity, based on [OH-]. Lower pOH = more basic.
Compare strong acids and weak acids in terms of dissociation.
Strong acids: Completely dissociate in water. | Weak acids: Partially dissociate in water, establishing an equilibrium.
Compare calculating the pH of a strong acid versus a weak acid.
Strong acid: pH calculated directly from the concentration of the acid. | Weak acid: pH calculated using the Ka expression and an ICE table.
What are the key differences between strong bases and weak bases?
Strong bases: Completely dissociate in water. | Weak bases: Partially dissociate in water, establishing an equilibrium.
Compare calculating the pOH of a strong base versus a weak base.
Strong base: pOH calculated directly from the concentration of the base. | Weak base: pOH calculated using the Kb expression and an ICE table.
What is the definition of pH?
pH is a measure of the concentration of protons (H+) in a solution; it indicates how acidic a solution is.
What is the definition of pOH?
pOH is a measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution; it indicates how basic a solution is.
Define Kw.
Kw is the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water, equal to \[1 x 10^{-14}\] at 25°C.
What does it mean for a strong acid to 'completely dissociate'?
It means the acid breaks apart 100% into ions when dissolved in water, with no equilibrium established.
Define autoionization of water.
The process where water self-ionizes into H+ and OH- ions, represented by the equilibrium: \[H_2O \rightleftharpoons H^+ + OH^-\]
What are the steps to calculate the pH of a strong acid solution?
1. Determine the concentration of H+ ions (which equals the concentration of the strong acid). 2. Use the formula: pH = -log([H+]).
What are the steps to calculate the pH of a strong base solution?
1. Determine the concentration of OH- ions (which equals the concentration of the strong base). 2. Use the formula: pOH = -log([OH-]). 3. Calculate pH using the relationship: pH = 14 - pOH.
Describe the process of calculating pH from [H+] .
1. Identify the hydrogen ion concentration, [H+]. 2. Apply the formula: pH = -log[H+]. 3. Calculate the pH value.
Describe the process of calculating pOH from [OH-] .
1. Identify the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH-]. 2. Apply the formula: pOH = -log[OH-]. 3. Calculate the pOH value.
What are the steps to determine pH from pOH?
1. Obtain the pOH value. 2. Use the equation: pH = 14 - pOH. 3. Calculate the pH value.
