All Flashcards
Define a strong acid.
An acid that completely dissociates in water.
Define a weak acid.
An acid that only partially dissociates in water.
Define a strong base.
A base that completely dissociates in water.
Define a weak base.
A base that only partially dissociates in water.
Define conjugate base.
The species that remains after an acid has donated a proton.
Define conjugate acid.
The species that is formed when a base accepts a proton.
Compare strong acids and weak acids in terms of dissociation.
Strong acids: Complete dissociation | Weak acids: Partial dissociation
How does the stability of a conjugate base relate to the strength of its corresponding acid?
More stable conjugate base = stronger acid; Less stable conjugate base = weaker acid
Compare the bond strength in strong vs weak acids.
Strong acids: Weaker bond to H+ | Weak acids: Stronger bond to H+
Compare the electronegativity of 'Z' in strong vs weak oxyacids (HOZ).
Strong oxyacids: High electronegativity of Z | Weak oxyacids: Low electronegativity of Z
Compare the oxidation state of 'Z' in strong vs weak oxyacids (HOZ).
Strong oxyacids: High oxidation state of Z | Weak oxyacids: Low oxidation state of Z
What effect does increasing the electronegativity of the atom bonded to H have on acid strength?
Increases acid strength.
What effect does increasing atomic size (down a group) have on the H-X bond strength and acid strength?
Weakens the H-X bond, increasing acid strength.
What effect does a highly electronegative 'Z' group have on the polarity of the O-H bond in an oxyacid (HOZ)?
Increases the polarity of the O-H bond.
What effect does a higher oxidation state on 'Z' have on the polarity of the O-H bond in an oxyacid (HOZ)?
Increases the polarity of the O-H bond.
What effect does a weaker H-X bond have on the strength of an acid?
The acid becomes stronger.