Molecular and Ionic Bonding
Which type of bond is typically formed between a metal and a nonmetal?
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
Metallic bond
Hydrogen bond
Which of the following properties is generally higher for ionic compounds compared to covalent compounds?
Volatility
Electrical conductivity in the solid state
Melting point
Solubility in nonpolar solvents
Given the electronegativity values: Na = 0.93, Cl = 3.16, O = 3.44, and H = 2.20, predict which compound would exhibit the most ionic character.
NaCl
H₂O
Cl₂O
NaH
Based on the potential energy diagram for two atoms, what does the lowest point on the curve represent?
The point at which atoms repel each other strongly.
The optimal distance for bond formation with the lowest potential energy.
The point at which atoms are too far apart to interact.
The highest potential energy of the system.
How does increasing the depth of the potential energy well affect the bond strength and melting point of a substance?
Increases bond strength and decreases melting point.
Decreases bond strength and increases melting point.
Increases both bond strength and melting point.
Decreases both bond strength and melting point.
Which of the following changes would increase the lattice energy of an ionic compound, according to Coulomb's Law?
Increasing the ionic radii and decreasing the charge of the ions.
Decreasing the ionic radii and decreasing the charge of the ions.
Increasing the ionic radii and increasing the charge of the ions.
Decreasing the ionic radii and increasing the charge of the ions.
Consider two ionic compounds, and . Given that and have higher charges than and , and assuming their ionic radii are comparable, which compound would you expect to have a higher lattice energy?
They would be approximately the same.
Cannot be determined without knowing the exact ionic radii.

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Steel is an example of which type of alloy?
Ionic Alloy
Substitutional Alloy
Interstitial Alloy
Covalent Alloy
How does the arrangement of atoms in interstitial alloys affect their properties compared to the pure metal?
Interstitial alloys are generally more ductile and less hard than pure metals.
Interstitial alloys are generally more conductive and less strong than pure metals.
Interstitial alloys are generally more malleable and less dense than pure metals.
Interstitial alloys are generally harder and less ductile than pure metals.
Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for water ()?
H-O-H (no lone pairs)
H-O-H (one lone pair on O)
H-O-H (two lone pairs on O)
H-O-H (three lone pairs on O)