Intermolecular Forces and Properties

Increasing the solvent's light-absorbing properties.

Increased dilution of the less with water.

Decreasing the temperature of the solution during measurement.

Passing light at a range from the cuvette's spectral range.

Vary both the concentration and temperature simultaneously to observe changes in absorbance.

Record the emission spectra of the solution at one temperature after excitation at different wavelengths.

Measure absorbance at room temperature for different solutions with varying concentrations.

Measure absorbance at various temperatures using a single wavelength corresponding to the solution's maximum absorption.

not absorbed by the sample

emitted by the sample

reflected by the sample

absorbed by the sample

Mass efficiency

Equilibrium constant

Electrical field strength

Molar absorptivity

Red

Yellow

Blue-green

Violet

1/M*m

mol/L*cm

mol/L*m

1/M*cm

There is no effect on observed absorption values because refractive index doesn't affect the absorption spectra of the chemicals being measured.

Apparent absorption values may be artificially inflated for a substance with a higher refractive index, causing increased scatter in photon paths.

Lower refractive indexes lead to deflated absorption numbers as extra photons escape cell walls before eventual collection by back-end sensors.

Since refractive indexes aren't related to electronic transitions within the analyzed molecules, any differences are canceled out during calibration procedures prior to the actual testing phases.

Both transmittance and absorbance increase as concentration goes up.

Transmittance decreases and absorbance increases as concentration increases.

Transmittance decreases but there's no effect on absorbance.

Both transmittance and absorbance decrease when concentration rises.

Both the change in enthalpy (ΔH) and the change in entropy (ΔS) are positive.

Both the change in enthalpy (ΔH) and the change in entropy (ΔS) are negative.

The change in enthalpy (ΔH) is negative, and the change in entropy (ΔS) is positive.

The change in enthalpy (ΔH) is positive, and the change in entropy (ΔS) is negative.

There would be no change in absorbance.

The absorbance would increase.

The concentration of the solution would decrease.

The absorbance would decrease.