Intermolecular Forces and Properties
When comparing CH4 with CF4 regarding their boiling points based on intermolecular attractions what conclusion can be drawn about their relationship?
Dipole-dipole interactions are responsible for CH4 having a lower boiling point.
The similar molecular geometry ensures both have nearly identical boiling points.
Due to stronger London dispersion forces, CF4 exhibits a higher boiling point than CH4.
Hydrogen bonding causes CH4 to boil at higher temperatures than CF4.
How would we represent Graham's law of effusion mathematically? (Rate 1 represents the rate of effusion of the first gas, Rate 2 rate of effusion of the second gas; M1 represents the molar mass of the first gas, M2 molar mass of second gas)
(Rate 1 / Rate 2) = √(M2/M1)
(Rate 1 / Rate 2) = (M2/M1)²
(Rate 1 / Rate 2) = (M1/M2)²
(Rate 1 / Rate 2) = √(M1/M2)
At low temperatures, gas particles move slower and spend more time around each other. Which assumption of the Kinetic Molecular Theory does this violate?
All gases have the same average kinetic energy at a given temperature.
Gas particles move in random, constant, straight-line motion.
There are no attractive or repulsive forces between gas particles.
Collisions are elastic: when gas particles collide, no energy is lost.
In which industrial process is understanding the deviation from ideal gas behavior essential for safety and efficiency?
Electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Refrigeration using phase changes of freon gases.
High-pressure storage of natural gas.
Combustion reactions for power generation in engines.
Which factor is not considered when discussing the deviation from ideal gas behavior?
Atomic mass of gas particles
Temperature affecting kinetic energy of particles
Intermolecular forces between gas particles
Volume occupied by gas particles themselves
What does the Van der Waals equation look like?
PV = nRT
z = PV/RT
P = RT/(V - b) - a / V²
[P + an²/V²][V - nb] = nRT
What does +a contribute to the Van der Waals equation?
Correct the number of moles
Correct the temperature
Correct the pressure
Correct the volume

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What would likely cause a real gas to deviate from ideal behavior?
Small molecular size
Low intermolecular forces
High pressure
Low temperature
Which of the following gases would most likely deviate from ideal behavior under conditions of high pressure?
O2 because of its small molecular size.
NH3 due to strong hydrogen bonding.
Ne since it is a noble gas with weak intermolecular forces.
He due to its monoatomic and nonpolar nature.
What does the variable 'P' represent in the ideal gas law equation PV=nRT?
Polarity
Particles
Precision
Pressure