Chemical Reactions

Carbon's oxidation state changes from -0 to -4.

Carbon's oxidation state changes from -4 to +0.

Carbon's oxidation state changes from +0 to +4.

Carbon's oxidation state changes from -0 to -8.

Lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode.

Electrons flow from the cathode to the anode through an external circuit.

Lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode.

Electrolyte decomposition occurs at both electrodes.

Does incorporating different organic substrate types into anaerobic digesters modify biogas production profiles methane versus carbon dioxide ratios therein?

Can modification electronegativity differences metals used electrodes significantly determine overall power generation microbial fuel cells(MFCs)?

How might certain ions preferentially pass through membrane channels as influenced by localized proton gradients established via membrane-bound respiratory complexes I-IV activities?

What role does varying molarity play regarding osmotic pressures produced across synthetic semi-permeable membranes devoid any active transport processes?

4

1

2

8

Add H+ ions when balancing hydrogen atoms under acidic conditions, but add OH- under basic conditions.

Add water molecules when balancing oxygen atoms under acidic conditions but O2(g) under basic conditions.

Balance electrons at the end for acidic solutions but at the beginning for basic solutions.

No additional steps are required for acidic solutions but adding NH4+ is necessary for basic ones.

Cr^3+

Fe^2+

Cr_2O_7^2-

Fe^3+

Zn

Cu^2+

Zn^2+

Cu

They are not related.

The total increase is greater than the total decrease.

The total decrease is greater than the total increase.

The total increase is equal to the total decrease.

+7

+9

+8

+5

Neutralization.

Reduction.

Sublimation.

Oxidation.