Thermochemistry
Which temperature scale has a zero point that corresponds to absolute zero?
Rankine scale
Kelvin scale
Fahrenheit scale
Celsius scale
If a halogen were positioned below chlorine in group VIIA of the periodic table what trend would predict its state at room temperature based on chemical bonding properties?
Liquid or solid due to increased molecular mass increasing dispersion forces.
Solid because lower atomic mass reduces kinetic energy.
Gas since greater atomic radii enhances covalent bonding strength.
Gas as higher electron affinity causes reduced intermolecular attractions.
Which factor primarily determines why iodine(I₂), bromine(Br₂), and chlorine(Cl₂) have different boiling points even though they only engage in London Dispersion Forces?
Higher number of protons therefore greater cation-anion attractions in iodine(I₂)
Greater molecular polarity therefore stronger Dipole-Dipole interactions in chlorine(Cl₂)
Lower atomic mass therefore weaker van der Waals Forces in chlorine(Cl₂)
Larger electron cloud therefore stronger London Dispersion Forces in iodine(I₂)
What's thermal equilibrium?
When the particle stop moving
When the reaction is complete.
No flow between the two objects.
No net flow of thermal energy between the two objects
If a 10.0 g sample of CaCO3 is heated strongly and decomposes completely to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, what is the mass of the calcium oxide produced?
4.4 g
11.2 g
8.8 g
5.6 g
When comparing the rate of effusion between two gases under identical conditions, which gas's behavior could deviate most from Graham's Law due to its quantum mechanical effects?
Helium (He)
Oxygen (O2)
Nitrogen (N2)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
How can researchers isolate the effect of temporal temperature gradients on interfacial thermal resistance during phase transitions in a multicomponent chemical system?
Thin layer chromatography for detection of various species migration rates within a mixture subjected to cyclic temperature alterations.
Three magnetometer survey of localized fields around transition zones under different heating regimes.
X-Ray spectroscopy to measure changes in bond lengths at interfaces subject to controlled heating/cooling schedules across distinct phases.
IR spectroscopy analysis of overall heat absorption/emission patterns under steady temperature conditions for various compounds.

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What's the first law of thermodynamics?
the entropy of a system at absolute zero is a constant
None of the above
Heat always move from hotter object to colder objects
The total energy of the universe is constant
How does an increase in pressure impact rates of reaction and positions of equilibria in systems involving gaseous components?
Increases rate while shifting equilibria towards fewer moles of gas when pressure increases.
Decreases rate while shifting equilibria towards fewer moles of gas when pressure decreases.
Increases rate while shifting equilibria towards more moles of gas when pressure increases.
Decreases rate while shifting equilibria towards more moles of gas when pressure decreases.
Given that the bond dissociation energy for O=O is greater than H-H but less than N≡N, which statement best describes the relative reactivity of these substances?
Nitrogen gas will be most reactive since it has the highest bond dissociation energy.
Oxygen gas will be less reactive than hydrogen gas but more reactive than nitrogen gas.
Hydrogen gas will be least reactive due to lowest bond dissociation energy.
All three substances have equivalent reactivities since they're all diatomic molecules.