Thermochemistry
If you mix equimolar amounts of methane (CH4) and chlorine gas (Cl2) at room temperature without initiating combustion, which potential product's formation entails an assessment based on both kinetics and thermodynamics?
Dichloromethane ( CH2Cl2) only considering its lower boiling point than reactants'.
CH3Cl + HCl due to activation energy barriers despite thermodynamic favorability.
Carbon disulfide (CS2) since it does not form under these conditions at all.
CH4(l) + Cl2(l) as they condense together under cooler conditions.
Which of the following reactions would be expected to have a positive and likely be non-spontaneous at room temperature?
The formation of gaseous ammonia (NH(g)) from nitrogen gas (N(g)) and hydrogen gas (H(g)).
The synthesis of liquid ethanol (CHOH(l)) from carbon dioxide (CO(g)) and hydrogen gas (H(g)).
The combustion of methane (CH(g)) to produce carbon dioxide (CO(g)) and water vapor (HO(g)).
The dissolution of sodium hydroxide pellets (NaOH(s)) in water.
In a chemical equation representing an element in its standard state, how would it appear?
The element has a coefficient corresponding to its atomic number.
The element appears without any coefficient or subscript.
The element has subscripts indicating physical phase (e.g., s, l, g).
The element appears with superscripts denoting isotopic composition.
Which change would NOT affect the rate of a chemical reaction already at equilibrium?
Adding a catalyst.
Changing the temperature of the system.
Increasing the concentration of reactants.
Decreasing the concentration of products.
What does a negative value for the standard enthalpy of formation indicate about a compound?
Its temperature will increase upon formation.
It is exothermic.
It requires energy to form.
It is endothermic.
Given that the standard enthalpy change for a reaction can be calculated using standard enthalpies of formation, which equation represents the most appropriate method for determining ΔH°rxn for the combustion of propane?
If the enthalpy change () for a reaction at constant pressure is negative, what type of reaction has occurred?
Adiabatic reaction
Exothermic reaction
Isothermic reaction
Endothermic reaction

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When KCl dissolves into and ions in water under standard conditions, which statement correctly describes how its enthalpy change ( ) can be calculated?
Multiplying ionization energy by stoichiometric coefficients.
Dividing dissolution entropy by absolute temperature.
Subtracting hydration enthalpy from lattice energy.
Summing up enthalpies for breaking lattice energy and hydrating ions.
In a coffee cup calorimeter experiment, if mixing two solutions results in an increase in temperature, what type of reaction has likely occurred?
Isothermal, where no change in heat occurs during the reaction process.
Exothermic, as heat released by the reaction causes the temperature rise.
Endothermic, as heat absorbed by the reaction causes the temperature rise.
Adiabatic, wherein no heat exchange with the surroundings takes place despite changes within the system itself.
How does an increase in pressure affect a gaseous reaction at equilibrium with more moles on the reactant side than product side?
Shifts toward products, increasing volume to counterbalance added pressure.
Shifts toward reactants, increasing volume to counteract pressure.
Does not shift; changes in pressure do not affect equilibria with unequal moles on each side.
Shifts toward products, decreasing volume to reduce pressure.