Equilibrium
What would be the effect on the equilibrium constant (K) for a reaction that is already at equilibrium, due to the temperature change?
The equilibrium constant K will increase.
The equilibrium constant K will depend on the volume of the reaction vessel.
There will be no change in the equilibrium constant K.
The equilibrium constant K will decrease.
If a student designs an experiment to determine the effect of temperature on the equilibrium constant (K) for an exothermic reaction, which outcome would correctly reflect the principles of chemical equilibrium?
The value of K increases as the temperature decreases.
The value of K remains constant regardless of changes in temperature.
The value of K decreases as the temperature increases.
The value of K increases exponentially with increasing temperature.
If the equilibrium constant for the reaction A2 + B2 ⇌ 2AB is significantly larger than 1, what will be the effect on the concentration of AB if both A2 and B2 are initially present in equal molar amounts?
The concentration of AB will be much greater than that of both A2 and B2.
The concentration of AB, A2, and B2 will remain approximately equal.
The concentration of AB will be less than that of both A2 and B2.
The concentrations cannot be determined without knowing the exact value of the equilibrium constant.
For student-designed experiments investigating solubility equilibria using various salts, what observation would affirm that concentrations present within saturated solutions are controlled by distinct ksp values specific per salt?
Dissolving different salts under identical circumstances leads to same concentrations across different saturated solutions, implying shared ksp values.
Solubilities observed follow little pattern related to chemical identity of salts; this randomness could be interpreted as lack of characteristic ksp values.
All salt samples tend toward reciprocal solubility-temperature relationships which could suggest universal ksp values unrelated to individual salt characteristics.
Even when differing salts are dissolved under similar conditions, each salt produces a unique saturated solution consistent with its proprietary ksp value.
Considering two substances with similar molar masses but different types of predominant intermolecular forces, which one would you expect to have a lower vapor pressure at room temperature?
The one with ion-dipole interactions as its predominant force.
The one with hydrogen bonding as its predominant force.
The one with London dispersion forces as its predominant force.
The one with dipole-dipole interactions as its predominant force.
In an exothermic reaction where heat is on the product's side, what effect would increasing temperature have on the value of K?
It would only affect K if pressure is also changed.
It would not change K.
It would decrease K.
It would increase K.
Consider aqueous solution reactions involving weak acids strong bases; why might pH not always provide reliable indication about equilibria states?
Presence conjugate base weak acid can significantly buffer against pH changes
Stronger acid-base pairings completely dominate over weaker ones affecting measurement
All solutes contribute equally towards overall hydrogen ion concentration therefore irrelevant
External factors such as temperature never affect acidity basicity levels hence mislead readings

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What will happen if you double only reactant concentrations for a reaction at equilibrium with an overall positive ΔG⁰ value?
The system adjusts until new equilibrium established with same Kc
No change occurs since ΔG⁰ dictates non-spontaneity at standard conditions
Direct conversion into products due to increased potential for product formation
Reaction reaches completion since reactant availability drives forward process
What happens to the position of an exothermic reaction’s equilibrium if pressure is increased by reducing volume, assuming gaseous components are present?
Equilibrium remains unaffected because total pressure is unrelated to mole quantity for gaseous species.
No change occurs as changes in volume or pressure do not affect equilibria involving gases.
More moles form since increased pressure favors production overconsumption in exothermic processes.
Fewer moles form due to shift towards side with fewer gas molecules according to Le Chatelier's principle.
When writing the expression for the equilibrium constant (K), what is not included in the expression?
Only products of reaction
One Solids and pure liquids
Gases under standard conditions (1atm)
All species involved in reaction