Equilibrium
In a chemical equation at equilibrium, what can be said about the rate of the forward and reverse reactions?
The forward rate is higher.
The reverse rate is higher.
Both rates are zero.
They are equal.
In which scenario would increasing temperature most likely cause a reaction to shift from spontaneous to non-spontaneous?
An endothermic reaction with no significant change in order or disorder.
An exothermic reaction with an increase in order (decrease in entropy).
An endothermic reaction with an increase in disorder (increase in entropy).
An exothermic reaction accompanied by an explosion which increases disorder dramatically.
If Q < K at a certain moment during a chemical reaction, what will happen as the system approaches equilibrium?
The reaction will proceed in both directions at the same rate
The reaction will proceed in the reverse direction
The reaction will proceed in the forward direction
It will not change
What type of chemical equilibrium involves charged species?
Gravitational equilibrium
Nuclear equilibrium
Covalent equilibrium
Ionic equilibrium.
A solution contains 10 molecules of X and 20 molecules of Y at Time t=0. At Time t=10sec, there are 5 molecules of X and 25 molecules of Y. Is this reaction possible?
No: equilibrium means that the number of molecules of product and reactant must be the same.
Yes: equilibrium means that the rates of reaction are equal, not that the product and reactants are equal.
Yes: the temperature could be very low so as to cause a reverse reaction.
There is not enough information to determine this without the molarity of molecule X and Y.
What does it mean when a reaction has an equilibrium constant (K) much greater than 1?
The reaction favors the formation of products at equilibrium.
Both forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates throughout.
No reaction occurs since all substances are in their elemental forms.
The reaction strongly favors the formation of reactants at equilibrium.
To explore solubility equilibria, which inquiry would most effectively measure how pH alteration impacts solubility product constants (Ksp)?
Does modifying solvent polarity influence crystal formation speeds and saturation points for highly soluble salts?
What is the relationship between pH changes and Ksp values for sparingly soluble salts containing basic anions like CO3^(2-) or PO4^(3-)?
Can alterations in agitation speed during dissolution processes significantly adjust saturation concentrations and Ksp values?
How are solubility curves for salts affected by varying temperatures under standard conditions with inert atmospheres?

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For which pair of substances is the difference in vapor pressure at a given temperature most likely attributable to differences in intermolecular attractions?
Water (H2O) and methanol (CH3OH)
Sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl)
Nitrogen gas (N2) and oxygen gas (O2)
Hexane (C6H14) and heptane (C7H16)
Consider an equilibrium reaction X + 3Y ⇌ XY₃. If the initial solution contains no XY₃, 10 molecules of X, and 30 molecules of Y, which of the following is NOT a possible distribution at equlibrium?
5 of X, 15 of Y, 5 of XY₃
9 of X, 27 of Y, 1 of XY₃
0 of X, 0 of Y, 10 of XY₃
3 of X, 9 of Y, 7 of XY₃
A forward reaction (reaction moving to the right) is represented by which K constant?
Large K, since K is reactants / products
Small K, since K is products / reactants
Large K, since K is products / reactants
Small K, since K is reactants / products