Applications of Thermodynamics
Which of the following best describes the 'system' in thermodynamics?
Everything in the universe.
Everything outside the reaction being studied.
The specific reaction or process being studied.
A measure of disorder.
If a reaction has a Gibbs Free Energy change of , the reaction is:
Nonspontaneous.
At equilibrium.
Spontaneous.
Impossible.
The standard Gibbs Free Energy change () for a reaction is at 298 K. Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction. (R = 8.314 J/(mol·K))
0.012
1.012
82.67
0.98
Which of the following is a characteristic of a galvanic cell?
It requires an external power source.
It uses electricity to drive a nonspontaneous reaction.
It generates electricity from a spontaneous reaction.
It always operates at equilibrium.
Which process leads to an increase in entropy ()?
Freezing water to form ice.
Condensing water vapor to liquid water.
Sublimation of dry ice (solid ) to gaseous .
Precipitation of a solid from a solution.
Given the following standard molar entropies: , , and , calculate the standard entropy change () for the reaction:
198.5 \frac{J}{K}
716.9 \frac{J}{K}
Calculate the cell potential () for a galvanic cell composed of the following two half-reactions: , ,

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Calculate the standard Gibbs Free Energy change () at 298 K for a reaction where the standard enthalpy change () is -100 kJ/mol and the standard entropy change () is -50 J/(mol·K).
85.15 \frac{kJ}{mol}
114.85 \frac{kJ}{mol}
A reaction has a positive and a negative . How will increasing the temperature affect the spontaneity of the reaction?
The reaction will become more spontaneous.
The reaction will become less spontaneous.
The spontaneity will not be affected by temperature.
The reaction will become spontaneous only at extremely high temperatures.
For a redox reaction, the cell potential () is +0.50 V at 298 K. Calculate the standard Gibbs Free Energy change () for the reaction if two electrons are transferred (n = 2). (F = 96485 C/mol)