Applications of Thermodynamics
Which formula represents the relationship between cell potential, Gibbs free energy change, and charge transported during an electrochemical reduction or oxidation reaction?
Cp = Q/T * Ecell
Σ = RT/Ecell
ΔG = -nFEcell
K = nFEcell/RT
If a molecule exhibits strong hydrogen bonding, what types of atoms are most likely present in its structure?
Oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine bonded to hydrogen
Phosphorus bonded to chlorine
Sulfur bonded to oxygen
Carbon bonded to hydrogen
Based on their positions in the periodic table, which element has the greatest ability to gain electrons (reduce)?
Fluorine (F)
Nitrogen (N)
Carbon (C)
Oxygen (O)
What will happen to the cell potential when you increase the concentration of reactants in a voltaic cell?
The cell potential will increase due to Le Chatelier's principle.
There will be no change in cell potential since it is independent of concentrations.
The cell potential will decrease as more product is formed.
The cell potential becomes zero as it only depends on temperature changes.
How does the standard cell potential (E°cell) relate to the feasibility of a reaction occurring in a galvanic cell?
A negative E°cell means the reaction requires no external energy to occur.
A positive E°cell indicates that the reaction is spontaneous.
A zero E°cell shows that the reactants and products are in equilibrium at all temperatures.
The magnitude of E°cell determines the speed at which the reaction occurs.
Which of these metals can be expected to be oxidized most easily in an electrochemical cell?
Lithium (Li)
Copper (Cu)
Silver (Ag)
Mercury (Hg)
Which of the following is true about the relationship between the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and the equilibrium constant (K)?
The relationship between ΔG and K depends on the specific reaction.
ΔG and K have no relationship.
ΔG and K are inversely proportional.
ΔG and K are directly proportional.

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Given a galvanic cell with an unknown metal electrode, if the standard reduction potential for the cathode reaction is 0.34 V and the measured cell potential is 0.68 V, which metal could be the anode?
Zinc (Zn), with E° = -0.76 V.
Silver (Ag), with E° = +0.80 V.
Iron (Fe), with E° = -0.44 V.
Copper (Cu), with E° = +0.34 V.
How would increasing the temperature affect the free energy change (ΔG) for an electrochemical reaction if it is already spontaneous at room temperature?
ΔG will always increase due to higher kinetic energy overcoming activation barriers.
ΔG remains unchanged because spontaneity is a state function independent of temperature.
ΔG may become more negative if entropy increases significantly with temperature.
ΔG becomes positive as elevated temperatures disrupt electrostatic attractions in cells.
If cell potential is directly related to reactivity for metals, which one of these metals would be least reactive?
Aluminum (Al)
Magnesium (Mg)
Zinc (Zn)
Gold (Au)