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Introduction to Titration

Sophie Anderson

Sophie Anderson

9 min read

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Study Guide Overview

This study guide covers titrations, focusing on acid-base titrations for the AP Chemistry exam. It explains key terms like titrant, analyte, equivalence point, and endpoint. The guide also details titration curves, calculations using ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘‰๐‘Ž=๐‘€๐‘๐‘‰๐‘, Brรธnsted-Lowry acid-base definitions, and conjugate pairs. Finally, it provides practice questions and exam tips.

Titrations: Your Ultimate AP Chemistry Review ๐Ÿงช

Hey there, future AP Chem master! Let's break down titrations, a key topic for your exam. This guide is designed to be your go-to resource, especially the night before the test. We'll make it engaging, clear, and super helpful! Let's dive in!

Introduction to Titrations

Titrations are all about finding the unknown concentration of a solution. It's like a detective game, but with chemicals! Here's the lowdown:

  • Titrant: The solution with a known concentration. It's the 'key' to unlocking our mystery. Usually in the burette.
  • Analyte: The solution with the unknown concentration. This is what we're trying to figure out. Usually in the Erlenmeyer flask.

Titration Setup

Caption: A typical titration setup. The titrant is added from the burette to the analyte in the flask.

Types of Titrations

While there are different types, we'll focus on acid-base titrations since they're most common on the AP exam. Here's a quick peek at the others:

  1. Acid-Base Titrations: Determining the concentration of an acid or a base. Endpoint is indicated by a pH change.
  2. Redox Titrations: Determining the concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent. Endpoint is indicated by a color change.
  3. Precipitation Titrations: Determining the concentration of a substance that forms a precipitate. Endpoint is indicated by precipitate formation.
  4. Complexation Titrations: Determining the concentration of a complexing agent. Endpoint indicated by color or absorption change.
Key Concept

Remember, for the AP exam, acid-base titrations are the most important! Focus your energy there.

Acid-Base Titrations: The Main Event

Key Players

  • Titrant: Usually a strong acid or base (known concentration).
  • Analyte: Usually a weak acid or base (unknown concentration).
  • Indicator: A substance that changes color within a specific pH range. It helps us see when the reaction is complete.

How It Works

  1. Fill the burette with the titrant. Note the initial volume and concentration.
  2. Measure the analyte into the Erlenmeyer flask. Note the initial volume.
  3. Add a few drops of indicator to the analyte.
  4. Slowly add titrant to the flask, swirling constantly, until the indicator changes color.

Important Points

  • Equivalence Point: The point where moles of titrant = moles of analyte. The reaction is complete.
  • **En...

Question 1 of 11

In a titration, what is the solution with the known concentration called? ๐Ÿค”

Analyte

Titrant

Indicator

Standard solution