Glossary
中国 (Zhōngguó)
China is the People's Republic of China, a major global power and the primary focus of these study notes regarding technological advancements.
Example:
中国在过去几十年里取得了显著的经济和科技发展，令世界瞩目。
中国空间站 (zhōngguó kōngjiān zhàn)
The China Space Station (CSS) is China's permanent multi-module space station, built upon the experience gained from the Tiangong space laboratories.
Example:
随着核心舱的成功对接，中国空间站的建设正在稳步推进，预计将成为重要的太空科研平台。
人工智能 (réngōng zhìnéng)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems, enabling them to learn, reason, and solve problems.
Example:
人工智能技术正在改变我们的生活，从智能手机到自动驾驶汽车无处不在。
人工神经网络 (réngōng shénjīng wǎngluò)
Artificial neural networks are computing systems inspired by the biological neural networks of animal brains, designed to recognize patterns and learn from data.
Example:
人工神经网络能够通过学习大量数据来提高其识别和预测能力，例如在金融市场分析中。
储能 (chǔnéng)
Energy storage is the process of capturing energy produced at one time for use at a later time, often involving advanced battery technologies or other storage systems.
Example:
发展高效的储能技术对于可再生能源的广泛应用至关重要，可以解决其间歇性问题。
医药 (yīyào)
Medicine and pharmaceuticals refer to the field of healthcare, where advanced materials are being explored for drug delivery, diagnostics, and medical implants.
Example:
医药领域正在探索利用纳米技术来开发更精准的癌症治疗方法，减少副作用。
图像识别 (túxiàng shíbié)
Image recognition is a key application of AI that enables computers to identify and categorize objects, people, or text within images or videos.
Example:
手机上的面部解锁功能就是基于先进的图像识别技术实现的。
天宫 (tiāngōng)
Also known as 'Heavenly Palace,' Tiangong refers to China's space station program and its series of space laboratories.
Example:
中国载人航天工程的天宫计划，标志着其在太空探索领域迈出了重要一步。
天宫一号 (tiāngōng yīhào)
Tiangong-1 was China's first space laboratory, launched in 2011, used for microgravity experiments and astronaut visits.
Example:
天宫一号的成功发射为中国未来的空间站建设奠定了坚实的基础。
天宫二号 (tiāngōng èrhào)
Tiangong-2 was China's second space laboratory, launched in 2016, continuing microgravity experiments and astronaut missions.
Example:
宇航员在天宫二号上进行了多项科学实验，为长期太空居住积累了宝贵经验。
失重 (shīzhòng)
Microgravity, or weightlessness, is the state of apparent lack of weight experienced in space, which is crucial for conducting unique scientific experiments.
Example:
在失重环境下，水滴会形成完美的球体，这在地球上是无法观察到的。
宇航员 (yǔhángyuán)
An astronaut is an individual trained to travel in a spacecraft, performing duties related to space exploration and scientific research.
Example:
中国宇航员在太空中执行了多次任务，展现了卓越的专业素养和勇气。
无人机 (wúrénjī)
Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles, often controlled by AI, used for various purposes like surveillance, delivery, photography, and agricultural monitoring.
Example:
农业领域越来越多地使用无人机进行作物监测和喷洒农药，提高了农业生产效率。
机器人 (jīqìrén)
Robots are machines capable of carrying out complex actions automatically, often programmed with AI for tasks in manufacturing, healthcare, and service industries.
Example:
工业机器人在工厂中执行重复性任务，大大提高了生产效率和产品质量。
深度学习算法 (shēndù xuéxí suànlǜ)
Deep learning algorithms are a subset of machine learning that train artificial neural networks with many layers to recognize complex patterns in vast amounts of data.
Example:
图像识别系统通常使用深度学习算法来识别图片中的物体，例如人脸或动物。
电子产品 (diànzǐ chǎnpǐn)
Electronic products refer to devices and components that operate using electronic circuits, such as smartphones, computers, and televisions.
Example:
随着科技的进步，我们日常生活中使用的电子产品功能越来越强大，种类也日益丰富。
石墨烯 (shímòxī)
Graphene is a two-dimensional material consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, known for its exceptional strength, conductivity, and lightness.
Example:
石墨烯因其独特的导电性和强度，被认为是下一代电子产品和储能设备的关键材料。
空间实验室 (kōngjiān shíyànshì)
A space laboratory is a spacecraft designed for conducting scientific experiments in space, often serving as a precursor to a larger, permanent space station.
Example:
建造空间实验室是各国发展载人航天技术的重要阶段。
空间站 (kōngjiān zhàn)
A space station is a large spacecraft capable of supporting a crew for an extended period, serving as a long-term orbital outpost for scientific research and exploration.
Example:
国际空间站是人类在太空中长期居住和工作的典范。
纳米材料 (nàmǐ cáiliào)
Nanomaterials are materials engineered at the nanoscale (1 to 100 nanometers), exhibiting unique physical and chemical properties due to their extremely small size.
Example:
纳米材料在医药、能源和电子等领域展现出巨大的应用潜力，例如用于靶向药物递送。
自动驾驶车辆 (zìdòng jiàshǐ chēliàng)
Autonomous vehicles are cars equipped with AI systems that can operate without human input, using sensors and algorithms to navigate roads.
Example:
许多科技公司正在积极研发自动驾驶车辆，以提高交通安全和效率，减少人为错误。
自然语言处理 (zìrán yǔyán chǔlǐ)
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of AI that focuses on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language in a meaningful way.
Example:
机器翻译软件的进步离不开自然语言处理技术的发展，它让不同语言的人们能够更好地交流。
语音识别 (yǔyīn shíbié)
Speech recognition is an AI technology that allows computers to process human speech into text or commands, enabling voice control and transcription.
Example:
智能音箱通过语音识别技术来理解用户的指令，从而播放音乐或查询信息。
量子位 (liàngzǐ wèi, qubits)
A qubit is the basic unit of quantum information, analogous to a bit in classical computing, but capable of existing in multiple states simultaneously.
Example:
一个量子位可以同时表示0和1，这使得量子计算机具有强大的并行处理能力。
量子力学 (liàngzǐ lìxué)
Quantum mechanics is the fundamental theory in physics that describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels.
Example:
量子力学是理解微观世界粒子行为的基础，也是量子计算的理论支柱。
量子卫星 (liàngzǐ wèixīng)
A quantum satellite is a satellite designed to facilitate quantum communication over long distances, often by distributing quantum-encrypted keys to ground stations.
Example:
中国发射了世界上第一颗量子卫星，用于进行星地量子通信实验，验证了远距离量子密钥分发的可能性。
量子计算 (liàngzǐ jìsuàn)
Quantum computing is a new type of computation that uses quantum-mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to perform calculations, potentially solving problems intractable for classical computers.
Example:
量子计算有望在药物发现和材料科学等领域带来突破性进展。
量子通信技术 (liàngzǐ tōngxìn jìshù)
Quantum communication technology uses quantum mechanics principles to ensure highly secure information transfer, often through the distribution of quantum-encrypted keys.
Example:
量子通信技术被认为是未来信息安全的重要保障，可以有效防止信息被窃听。
高级材料 (gāojí cáiliào)
Advanced materials are materials with superior or unique properties, often engineered at the atomic or molecular level, for specialized applications in various industries.
Example:
航空航天工业对高级材料的需求非常高，以制造更轻、更坚固、更耐高温的飞机部件。
高铁 (gāo tiě)
High-speed rail refers to super-fast trains that travel at 250 km/h or more, forming China's extensive high-speed rail network.
Example:
乘坐高铁从北京到上海只需要几个小时，大大缩短了旅行时间。