What is the objective of gender quotas in Mexico's electoral system?
To boost female participation in politics.
What is the policy regarding reserved seats in Iran's Majles?
Reserved seats for religious minorities.
What is the goal of democratization efforts in election systems?
More competition, fairness, and transparency in elections.
What is the impact of term limits in consolidated democracies?
Promoting flexibility, greater representation, and diversity.
Cause and effect of Proportional Representation.
Cause: Designed to represent vote share. Effect: More parties in legislature.
Cause and effect of Single-Member Districts.
Cause: One representative per district. Effect: Strong constituency service.
Cause and Effect of the Guardian Council approving candidates in Iran.
Cause: Guardian Council approval. Effect: Restricted ballot access.
Cause and effect of independent election commissions.
Cause: A desire to reduce voter fraud. Effect: Enhanced competition.
Cause and effect of a lack of independent election mechanisms.
Cause: No independent oversight. Effect: Concerns about voter fraud.
Cause and effect of term limits.
Cause: A desire to increase representation. Effect: Greater diversity.
Cause and effect of reserved seats for religious minorities in Iran.
Cause: A desire to increase representation. Effect: Representation for religious minorities.
Cause and effect of gender quotas.
Cause: A desire to increase representation. Effect: Boosted female participation.
Cause and effect of democratization.
Cause: A desire to increase competition. Effect: More fairness and transparency in elections.
Cause and effect of no term limits.
Cause: A desire to maintain power. Effect: Limited flexibility.
What is the role of Iran's Guardian Council?
Approves candidates for elections and ensures laws align with Sharia law.
What role does the Supreme Leader play in Iran's government?
Selects members of the Guardian Council and has ultimate authority.
What is the function of the Federation Council in Russia?
Appointed by regional governors and legislatures, reinforcing federal power under the president.
What is the role of the House of Lords in the UK?
Appointed by the monarch (with PM recommendations) to promote diversity.
What is the function of Independent Election Commissions in Mexico and Nigeria?
To reduce fraud and enhance competition in elections.
What is the role of the Majles in Iran?
Legislative body with 4-year terms.
What is the role of the Duma in Russia?
Legislative body with 5-year terms.
What is the role of the Chamber of Deputies in Mexico?
Legislative body with 3-year terms.
What is the role of the Senate in Mexico?
Legislative body with 6-year terms.
What is the role of the Federal Assembly in Russia?
Legislative body with 4-year terms.
