All Flashcards
What is the role of Iran's Guardian Council?
Approves candidates for elections and ensures laws align with Sharia law.
What role does the Supreme Leader play in Iran's government?
Selects members of the Guardian Council and has ultimate authority.
What is the function of the Federation Council in Russia?
Appointed by regional governors and legislatures, reinforcing federal power under the president.
What is the role of the House of Lords in the UK?
Appointed by the monarch (with PM recommendations) to promote diversity.
What is the function of Independent Election Commissions in Mexico and Nigeria?
To reduce fraud and enhance competition in elections.
What is the role of the Majles in Iran?
Legislative body with 4-year terms.
What is the role of the Duma in Russia?
Legislative body with 5-year terms.
What is the role of the Chamber of Deputies in Mexico?
Legislative body with 3-year terms.
What is the role of the Senate in Mexico?
Legislative body with 6-year terms.
What is the role of the Federal Assembly in Russia?
Legislative body with 4-year terms.
What is the objective of gender quotas in Mexico's electoral system?
To boost female participation in politics.
What is the policy regarding reserved seats in Iran's Majles?
Reserved seats for religious minorities.
What is the goal of democratization efforts in election systems?
More competition, fairness, and transparency in elections.
What is the impact of term limits in consolidated democracies?
Promoting flexibility, greater representation, and diversity.
Define Proportional Representation.
Parties get seats based on their vote share.
Define First-Past-the-Post.
The candidate with the most votes in a district wins.
What is a Single-Member District?
One representative per district.
What is a Multi-Member District?
Multiple representatives per district.
Define Universal Suffrage.
Voting rights for all adult citizens.
Define Plurality.
The most votes, even if not a majority.
Define Majority.
More than half of the votes.
What is Ballot Access?
The ability for candidates to get their name on the ballot.
What are Gender Quotas?
Rules specifying a certain number or percentage of candidates or officeholders must be women.
What is Constituency Accountability?
The degree to which elected officials are responsible to the needs and desires of their constituents.