Political Systems and Government Types
In which government structure do states or units retain considerable independence and authority?
Unitary system
Confederal system
Federal system
Autocratic system
Considering government responses during global health crises, which measure derived from comparative analysis might best sustain regime legitimacy while ensuring public safety?
Delegating full responsibility for healthcare provision exclusively to private companies mimicking neoliberal economic theories.
Mandating complete lockdowns indefinitely until health risks are fully neutralized following extreme interpretations of quarantine measures.
Prohibiting international travel permanently based on isolationist tendencies practiced historically during pandemics.
Implementing transparent data-sharing practices along with robust healthcare infrastructure investments simulating Germany’s approach during COVID-19.
Which term describes a political system where two or more parties must share power because no one party can achieve majority control?
One-party state
Military dictatorship
Coalition government
Theocracy
How might a realist perspective interpret a powerful state's decision to increase military spending in response to the rise of a neighboring regional power?
As a move toward economic interdependence that will reduce the likelihood of conflict with the rising power.
As an attempt to maintain the balance of power and ensure its own security in an anarchic international system.
As a commitment to global peacekeeping efforts and international cooperation for security.
As an effort to promote its soft power by investing in global humanitarian missions through military means.
How do patrimonial states complicate the transition towards more impersonal forms governance like rational-legal bureaucracies?
Patronage systems such as these often evolve naturally into meritocratic institutions over time without significant disruption to existing power balances.
Since patrimonialism focuses on interpersonal connections rather than systemic structure, the change tends to be straightforward and relatively quick to implement new bureaucratic norms and practices efficiently and effectively.
Patrimonialism provides the stability necessary for a gradual shift away from personalized decision-making, allowing for a smoother adoption of standardized procedures.
They create entrenched networks of loyalty dependent on personal relationships that threaten to institutionalize impartial rules-based administration.
What is the name of the process through which an authoritarian state transitions to a democratic one?
State-building
Democratization
Devolution
Nationalization
What strategy might an executive use within an established democracy facing challenges maintaining its legitimacy due primarily governmental corruption scandals?
Expediting controversial legislation distract public scandal narrative.
Publicly disbanding anticorruption agencies reduce negative news coverage.
Decreasing transparency requirements financial disclosures senior officials limit information flow.
Recruiting respected nonpartisan figures into cabinet positions signal commitment reform.

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What is an example of a policy decision that could be influenced by a liberal democratic ideology in contrast to authoritarianist viewpoints?
Establishment of censorship measures over media and internet content.
Enactment of laws that restrict nongovernmental organizations' activities.
Consolidation of power within the executive branch.
Expansion of civil liberties and protections for minority rights.
What form of political participation is most likely to be pursued by a group seeking immediate policy changes without engaging in legally established processes?
Lobbying government officials
Protest demonstrations
Voting in elections
Running for political office
What type of government system allows citizens to vote directly on laws and policies?
Absolute monarchy
Parliamentary system
Direct democracy
Presidential system