Political Institutions
Which characteristic of a nation's judiciary has the most significant impact on limiting government power and upholding rule of law?
Judicial activism influences policy-making through dynamic interpretation of laws but does not inherently limit government power.
Independence from political branches ensures unbiased rulings and establishes checks on governmental actions.
The complexity of legal procedures can deter corruption but does not directly restrain executive or legislative branches' powers.
The size of the judiciary affects its capability to manage caseloads and address violations in a timely manner.
In which country's judicial system, the chief justice needs to possess an understanding of sharia law?
Nigeria
China
Iran
Mexico
In what way could realist international relations theory predict changes in judicial independence when there is a major power realignment globally?
States universally apply international law uniformly without regard to power dynamics or alliances.
States might prioritize national security over judicial independence, aligning with more powerful allies' interests.
Global power shifts would lead all states to adopt similar laws derived from liberal democratic traditions.
Judicial independence becomes absolute as global powers have no interest in internal affairs of sovereign states.
What governmental body typically has the authority to interpret the constitution in a federal republic?
Parliament
Electoral Commission
Executive Office
Supreme Court
Considering constructivist international relations theory, how might changing norms and ideologies at the global level impact authoritarian regimes' control over their judiciary?
Regimes will isolate themselves completely from global influences, leading to static judiciary practices immune to change.
International norms have no bearing on authoritarian regime behaviors regarding their judiciary control mechanisms.
Authoritarian regimes will fully democratize their judiciaries under global normative pressure without resistance.
They may adapt judiciaries to reflect shifting legitimate practices internationally while maintaining central control domestically.
What kind of judiciary is typically found in authoritarian regimes, where judges are expected to follow the wishes of government leaders?
Subservient judiciary
Inquisitorial legal system
Independent judiciary
Adversarial legal system
What is an outcome of using a single-member district plurality system in national elections?
Every voter has as many votes as there are candidates running for office.
Representatives must win more than half of the vote to secure their seat in parliament.
Each party's share of seats reflects its share of the overall vote nationwide.
The candidate with the most votes wins, even if it is not an absolute majority.

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In Nigeria, what type of courts do the northern states have in addition to the courts established by the Constitution?
Federal courts of appeals
Islamic sharia courts
Traditional common law courts
Regional appellate courts
In which type of government does the judiciary have the ability to challenge and invalidate government decrees or legislation?
Absolute monarchy
Dictatorship
One-party state
Constitutional democracy
How might entrenched interests impact judicial reform efforts in illiberal regimes?
Resistance due to potential loss of privilege or power among elites.
Immediate democratization due to transparency in judiciaries processess.
Harmonious implementation owing to uniform desire for progress.
Adherence to international norms as domestic considerations are secondary.