Political Culture & Participation

There is usually an increased trust in governmental institutions across all societal strata

Support for free-market capitalism tends to strengthen uniformly across different socio-economic classes

Demand for redistributive policies may increase among those disadvantaged by inequality

Consensus typically grows regarding the effectiveness of current government fiscal strategies

Single-party rule

Control by religious authorities

Hereditary leadership

Regular free elections

They create parallel governing bodies that directly compete with state institutions.

They replace legal judicial processes with private dispute resolution mechanisms.

They undermine state sovereignty by forming alliances with foreign governments.

They subvert official policies through informal agreements based on personal loyalty.

Use of referenda to decide contentious societal issues through direct democracy, promoting majority rule.

Incorporation of different cultures into the curriculum of schools to promote multiculturalism.

Appointment of minority ethnic groups to top judicial positions to reflect the diversity of the judiciary branch of government.

Adoption of gender quotas in electoral lists to support women's representation in parliament.

Ending racial segregation and discrimination

Opposing nuclear weapon proliferation

Promoting free-market economic policies

Reducing income inequality across classes

Russia

Iran

UK

Mexico

Reduces faithfulness, since dominant parties usually manipulate outcomes more easily.

Enhances confidence, like strict voting requirements ensure educated decision making.

Decrease belief in potency because long coalitions delay policy implementation.

Increase belief in efficacy, as it allows for greater representation of diverse opinions.

Increased acceptance due to cultural emphasis on education and hierarchical respect.

Greater opposition due to Confucian stress on collective well-being over individual advancement.

Unchanged attitudes as modernity has eroded the relevance of Confucian values.

Decreased support because of an associated demand for democratic participation.

Rule by law

Democratic regime

Post-materialism

Political ideologies

Establishing a unitary system with uniform policies across all regions.

Maintaining a centralized autocracy with power concentrated at the national level.

Implementing federalism that grants autonomy to distinct ethnic regions.

Pursuing aggressive assimilation policies to diminish ethnic distinctions.