Political Culture & Participation
Which country has fought wars in Chechnya to prevent separatist movements stemming from social cleavages?
China
Russia
Iran
UK
Which policy could most effectively curb urban-rural inequalities in federal states according to comparative studies of similar issues within federal countries included in the AP Comparative Government curriculum?
Provide tax incentives for businesses to relocate headquarters or branches to rural areas encouraging employment growth there.
Enact land reforms to redistribute agricultural property among smallholder rural farmers promoting agricultural productivity and self-sufficiency.
Standardize education and healthcare services through central government oversight to ensure equal quality across regions.
Implement targeted fiscal transfers from wealthier to poorer regions combined with investment in rural infrastructure and economic development programs.
If an authoritarian regime institutes economic reforms that lead to increased income inequality, what form of citizen engagement could emerge as a cleavage-based response?
Online petitions garnering widespread support may surface, advocating for greater foreign investment.
Labor unions might organize strikes or protests demanding more equitable economic policies.
Increased individual patronage for local businesses may occur as a show of support for the private sector.
Business elites could engage in policy discussions as part of formal legislative procedures.
Which term is used to describe a division within a society based on different cultural identities, including religion and language?
Separatists
Ethnic
Autonomy-seeking
Coinciding Cleavages
Which term refers to an organization that seeks to gain power in a government mainly through electoral campaigns?
Revolutionary movement
Political party
Non-governmental organization (NGO)
Interest group
Which of the following is an example of a social cleavage?
Urban-rural divisions
Proportional representation
Judicial review
Presidential systems
To what extent might civil society organizations play a role in mitigating religious cleavage conflicts within plural societies?
They replace formal governance structures, becoming primary arbitrators of disputes, thus undermining state authority.
These organizations often cause further polarization, emphasizing differences rather than commonalities between faiths.
They provide platforms for interfaith dialogue, promoting understanding and collaboration among different religious groups.
Civil society organizations tend to focus only on secular issues, leaving religious tensions unaddressed and exacerbated.

How are we doing?
Give us your feedback and let us know how we can improve
What type of social cleavage do language differences often create within a nation?
Ideological cleavages
Religious cleavages
Ethnic cleavages
Class cleavages
Which type of cleavage is primarily characterized by income, occupation, and education levels?
Ethnic cleavages
Socioeconomic cleavages
Religious cleavages
Urban-rural cleavages
Which term describes an economic divide within society that often correlates with political preferences?
Socioeconomic status
Religious affiliation
Ethnic minority
Geographic region