Party Systems & Electoral Participation

By funding political campaigns to elect party leaders who support their causes.

By organizing grassroots movements that pressure the government to reform specific policies.

Through direct participation in governmental policymaking as elected officials.

By forming coalitions with multiple parties to pass legislation in parliament.

Nigeria

Iran

China

Russia

Nonpartisan democracy

Multiparty system

Two-party system

Single-party state

Via imposing government leaders on countries as part of their membership conditions.

By replacing a country's legal framework with international laws and regulations.

Through direct legislative power over the national parliaments of member states.

By setting standards that member states aim to achieve, affecting domestic policy.

Through international diplomatic channels that impose sanctions on ruling party leaderships' policies.

By securing a majority in the legislature through defections from the ruling party's members.

By utilizing social media platforms to mobilize public opinion and create widespread demand for policy change.

By physically taking control of key governmental institutions and assuming power by force.

One-party state

Two-party system

Multiparty system

Full democracy

Presidential systems, where executive leadership is separate from legislative representation.

Single-member districts, which usually benefit the largest and most broadly appealing parties.

First-past-the-post, which tends to favor large parties and often leads to a two-party system.

Proportional representation, because it allows smaller interest-focused parties to gain seats based on their share of the vote.

A sporting event causing a permanent shift in the balance of political power within the legislature.

The announcement of an overseas scientific discovery mandating education curriculum reforms nationally.

A cultural festival leading to widespread change in citizen voting patterns during elections.

An economic crisis prompting the adoption of austerity measures recommended by the IMF.

Majority Runoff Two-Round System

Plurality (First-Past-The-Post) System

Proportional Representation System

Mixed Electoral System

Regular competitive elections that provide checks on government power and uphold civil liberties.

Broad enforcement of laws that concentrate power in the hands of the ruling elite while limiting civil liberties.

Independent judiciaries that actively defend civil liberties against encroachments by the state.

Strong constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech and assembly for all citizens.