All Flashcards
What are the differences between primitive types and reference types?
Primitive types store values directly; reference types store memory addresses. Primitive types start with lowercase; reference types start with uppercase.
What is the difference between == and .equals() when comparing objects?
== compares memory addresses (references); .equals() compares the content of the objects (if properly implemented).
Compare the use of the String class with the Math class.
String is used to create and manipulate text; Math provides static methods for mathematical operations. String objects are created with new or string literals; Math cannot be instantiated.
What is the difference between a static method and an instance method?
A static method belongs to the class itself and is called using the class name; an instance method belongs to an object of the class and is called using the object's name.
Compare Abstraction and Encapsulation.
Abstraction focuses on hiding complexity and showing only essential features, while encapsulation focuses on bundling data and methods that operate on that data, protecting it from outside access.
Compare Inheritance and Polymorphism.
Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class, promoting code reuse, while polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type, enabling flexibility and extensibility.
What is the definition of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?
A programming paradigm based on the concept of 'objects', which contain data in the form of fields (attributes) and code in the form of procedures (methods).
What is the definition of a Class?
A blueprint or template for creating objects. It defines the characteristics and behaviors that objects of that class will have.
What is the definition of an Object?
A specific instance of a class. It's a concrete entity created from a class blueprint.
What is the definition of a Constructor?
A special method used to create and initialize objects of a class.
What is the definition of a Method?
A function associated with an object, defining its behavior.
What is the definition of a Reference Type?
A data type that stores the memory address of an object, rather than the object's actual value.
What is the definition of Abstraction?
Showing only essential attributes and hiding unnecessary information.
What is the definition of Encapsulation?
Bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a class, and restricting direct access to some of the object's components.
What is the definition of Inheritance?
A mechanism where a new class inherits properties and behaviors from an existing class.
What is the definition of Polymorphism?
The ability of an object to take on many forms.
How are objects used to represent real-world entities?
Objects can model real-world entities by encapsulating their attributes (data) and behaviors (methods). For example, a 'Car' object can have attributes like color and speed, and methods like accelerate and brake.
How is the Math class applied in real-world scenarios?
The Math class is used in scientific calculations, simulations, game development, and financial modeling.
How is the String class used in real-world applications?
The String class is used for text processing, data validation, user input handling, and storing textual information in applications.
How are objects used in creating user interfaces?
UI elements like buttons, text fields, and windows are often represented as objects with specific properties and behaviors.
How are objects used in game development?
Game characters, items, and environments are typically represented as objects with attributes and methods that define their behavior and interactions.
How is the concept of objects helpful in managing data?
Objects allow you to group related data and functions together, making it easier to organize, access, and manipulate complex data structures.