Getter: Accesses the value of an instance variable. Setter: Modifies the value of an instance variable.

Public: Accessible from anywhere. Private: Accessible only within the declaring class.

Primitive: Returns a copy of the value. Reference: Returns a copy of the reference to the object.

Accessor methods: Provide read access to object's state. Mutator methods: Provide write access to object's state.

Direct access: Bypasses encapsulation, can lead to data corruption. Accessor methods: Provide controlled access, maintain data integrity.

`toString()`: Returns a formatted string representation of the object. Getter methods: Return specific attribute values.

Primitive data type: Returns a copy of the value. Reference type: Returns a copy of the reference to the object.

With encapsulation: Protects data integrity and allows controlled access. Without encapsulation: Exposes data directly, risking unintended modifications.

Public: Allows unrestricted access from any class. Private: Restricts access to within the same class, promoting encapsulation.

Accessor methods: Allow internal implementation changes without affecting external code. Direct variable access: Requires changes in all places where the variable is used.

A method that allows clients to access the data of an object.

An accessor method used to get the value of a specific instance variable.

A method that returns information about an object as a string.

Objects, classes, and users that access the data of an object.

Indicates that a method is overriding a method in a superclass.

Returning a copy of the value of a primitive data type.

A copy of the reference to the object is returned, not a copy of the object itself.

The program immediately returns to the point after whatever called the method.

public

To allow other clients (objects, classes, and users) to access the data of an object.

1. Determine the instance variable to access. 2. Define a public method with the return type matching the variable's type. 3. Use a return statement to return the variable's value.

1. Use the @Override annotation. 2. Construct a string representation of the object's state using string concatenation. 3. Return the constructed string.

1. The object's toString() method is automatically called. 2. The toString() method returns a string. 3. The string is printed to the console.

1. Create an instance of the class containing the getter method. 2. Call the getter method on the object using the dot operator. 3. Store or use the returned value.

1. The program executes the code within the getter method. 2. The getter method returns a copy of the value of the instance variable. 3. The program continues execution from where the getter method was called.

1. The method's execution is immediately terminated. 2. The specified value is returned to the calling method. 3. Execution resumes in the calling method at the point immediately following the method call.

1. Allocate memory for the new object. 2. Execute the constructor code, initializing instance variables. 3. Return a reference to the newly created object.

1. Use the object's reference followed by the dot operator. 2. Specify the method name and any required arguments within parentheses. 3. The method is executed using the object's data.

1. The program jumps to the beginning of the called method. 2. The code inside the method is executed. 3. Once the method finishes, the program returns to the point where the method was called.

1. The private variable is directly accessed by its name within a method of the class. 2. No special syntax is required, as access is implicitly granted within the class scope.