Primitive Types

Prints output to the console and puts the cursor on a new line

Prints output to the terminal

Prints output to the console without moving the cursor

Prints output to a file provided by the user

null

error

false

true

By requiring subclasses to redefine parent class methods, ensuring tighter control over inherited features.

Via abstract classes that mandate implementing all inherited abstract methods thereby encapsulating functionality within subclasses.

By allowing control over access to each component's methods separately rather than exposing superclass methods directly in subclasses.

Through polymorphism that permits any subclass instance to be treated as its superclass for generalized method calling.

Acceptance tests

Unit tests

System tests

Integration tests

An optional debugging tool provided by integrated development environments (IDEs) only.

A mechanism to manage runtime errors by separating error-handling code from regular code logic.

A process for compiling Java programs that includes automatic fixing of any errors found in code.

A built-in feature that prevents any kind of runtime errors from occurring during program execution.

Java is resistant to cyber attacks

Java emphasizes methods, objects, and classes

Java can easily connect to the internet and to file systems

Java can run on any device without modification

Method overloading facilitates compile-time while method overriding enables run-time polymorphism.

Compile-Time uses class inheritance hierarchies whereas Run-Time relies solely on interface implementation.

Static type checking allows for compile-time while continuous reassignment grants run-time capabilities.

The number of parameters in methods determines compile-time versus variable types being considered at run-time.

Feature

Patch

Upgrade

Bug

Through iterative loop transformation store intermediate results in a BigDecimal object instead of relying solely on system stack memory calls.

Delegating heavy lifting computations to a separate thread and employing concurrency techniques to alleviate the main application workload.

By increasing Xms parameter in JVM startup settings to allocate additional frame space beforehand to prevent overflow.

Utilizing memoization cache for factorials already computed to reuse in future calculations, despite not directly impacting recursion itself.

Polymorphism allows code reuse through method overriding which reduces duplication when handling different object types.

Conditional statements are generally more efficient than polymorphism as they do not involve method calls.

Using if-else constructs typically leads to more secure code because specific conditions must be met before execution proceeds further down branches of logic tree structures found within these control flow patterns, unlike dynamic dispatch mechanisms associated with polymorphic behavior where any subclass could potentially trigger unexpected side effects due to lack of strict type enforcement at compile-time stages of development processes.