All Flashcards
What are the differences between analog and digital data?
Analog: Continuous, smooth changes | Digital: Discrete, finite values.
What are the differences between ASCII and Unicode?
ASCII: Limited character set, 7 bits | Unicode: Larger character set, variable bits.
Compare decimal and binary number systems.
Decimal (Base-10): Uses 0-9 | Binary (Base-2): Uses 0 and 1.
Compare binary and hexadecimal number systems.
Binary (Base-2): Uses 0 and 1, longer representation | Hexadecimal (Base-16): Uses 0-9 and A-F, shorter representation.
What are the differences between overflow and rounding errors?
Overflow: Exceeding maximum storage capacity | Rounding: Approximation due to limited precision.
Compare the number of values representable by 4 bits and 8 bits.
4 bits: 2^4 = 16 values | 8 bits: 2^8 = 256 values
Compare abstraction in everyday life and in computing.
Everyday: Using appliances without knowing internal workings | Computing: Using variables without knowing binary representation.
Compare the use of binary vs hexadecimal for representing memory addresses.
Binary: Directly represents bits, verbose | Hexadecimal: Compact representation of binary, easier to read.
Compare the storage requirements of ASCII and Unicode for English text.
ASCII: 1 byte per character | Unicode: Typically 1-4 bytes per character, often 2 for English.
Compare the representation of numbers in low-level and high-level languages.
Low-level: Fixed number of bytes, prone to overflow | High-level: Dynamic, handles overflow automatically (usually).
What is a bit?
A single binary digit (0 or 1).
What is a byte?
8 bits.
What is a number base?
The number of digits or digit combinations a system uses to represent values.
What is the binary number system?
A base-2 number system using only 0 and 1.
What is the decimal number system?
A base-10 number system using digits 0-9.
What is the hexadecimal number system?
A base-16 number system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
What is ASCII?
A standard for converting text to binary.
What is Unicode?
A modern and comprehensive system for converting text to binary, supporting a wider range of characters than ASCII.
What is analog data?
Continuous data that changes smoothly.
What is digital data?
Discrete data with a finite set of possible values.
What is the decimal equivalent of binary '1101'?
13
What is the binary equivalent of decimal '10'?
1010
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of decimal '15'?
F
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of decimal '255'?
FF
What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal 'A'?
10
What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal '10'?
16
If an 8-bit system stores the number 255 and you add 1, what happens?
Overflow error (wraps around to 0 or a negative number depending on the system).
What is the result of 50/3 in a system that only stores two decimal places?
16.66 (rounding error).
Convert the binary number 101101 to decimal.
45
Convert the decimal number 47 to binary.
101111