All Flashcards
What is a bit?
A single binary digit (0 or 1).
What is a byte?
8 bits.
What is a number base?
The number of digits or digit combinations a system uses to represent values.
What is the binary number system?
A base-2 number system using only 0 and 1.
What is the decimal number system?
A base-10 number system using digits 0-9.
What is the hexadecimal number system?
A base-16 number system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
What is ASCII?
A standard for converting text to binary.
What is Unicode?
A modern and comprehensive system for converting text to binary, supporting a wider range of characters than ASCII.
What is analog data?
Continuous data that changes smoothly.
What is digital data?
Discrete data with a finite set of possible values.
What are the differences between analog and digital data?
Analog: Continuous, smooth changes | Digital: Discrete, finite values.
What are the differences between ASCII and Unicode?
ASCII: Limited character set, 7 bits | Unicode: Larger character set, variable bits.
Compare decimal and binary number systems.
Decimal (Base-10): Uses 0-9 | Binary (Base-2): Uses 0 and 1.
Compare binary and hexadecimal number systems.
Binary (Base-2): Uses 0 and 1, longer representation | Hexadecimal (Base-16): Uses 0-9 and A-F, shorter representation.
What are the differences between overflow and rounding errors?
Overflow: Exceeding maximum storage capacity | Rounding: Approximation due to limited precision.
Compare the number of values representable by 4 bits and 8 bits.
4 bits: 2^4 = 16 values | 8 bits: 2^8 = 256 values
Compare abstraction in everyday life and in computing.
Everyday: Using appliances without knowing internal workings | Computing: Using variables without knowing binary representation.
Compare the use of binary vs hexadecimal for representing memory addresses.
Binary: Directly represents bits, verbose | Hexadecimal: Compact representation of binary, easier to read.
Compare the storage requirements of ASCII and Unicode for English text.
ASCII: 1 byte per character | Unicode: Typically 1-4 bytes per character, often 2 for English.
Compare the representation of numbers in low-level and high-level languages.
Low-level: Fixed number of bytes, prone to overflow | High-level: Dynamic, handles overflow automatically (usually).
What is the decimal equivalent of binary '1101'?
13
What is the binary equivalent of decimal '10'?
1010
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of decimal '15'?
F
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of decimal '255'?
FF
What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal 'A'?
10
What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal '10'?
16
If an 8-bit system stores the number 255 and you add 1, what happens?
Overflow error (wraps around to 0 or a negative number depending on the system).
What is the result of 50/3 in a system that only stores two decimal places?
16.66 (rounding error).
Convert the binary number 101101 to decimal.
45
Convert the decimal number 47 to binary.
101111