All Flashcards
What is data?
A collection of facts.
Why do computers use binary?
Binary is easily represented by electrical signals (on/off, high/low voltage).
Explain the concept of abstraction.
Simplifying complex systems by hiding unnecessary details, allowing focus on the main idea.
Why is abstraction important in computer science?
It allows us to use complex systems without needing to understand all the underlying details.
How is analog data converted to digital data?
Through sampling, where values of the analog signal are measured and recorded at regular intervals.
What is an overflow error?
An error that occurs when trying to store a number larger than the allocated memory space.
What is a rounding error?
An error that occurs when a number is approximated due to limited storage space, especially with repeating decimals.
How does context affect bit representation?
The same bit sequence can represent different types of data based on context (e.g., a letter or a number).
Explain sampling in the context of analog to digital conversion.
Measuring and recording the values of an analog signal at regular intervals to create a digital representation.
Why is digital data considered an abstraction?
It simplifies real-world information by providing a finite representation of something continuous.
What is the decimal equivalent of binary '1101'?
13
What is the binary equivalent of decimal '10'?
1010
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of decimal '15'?
F
What is the hexadecimal equivalent of decimal '255'?
FF
What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal 'A'?
10
What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal '10'?
16
If an 8-bit system stores the number 255 and you add 1, what happens?
Overflow error (wraps around to 0 or a negative number depending on the system).
What is the result of 50/3 in a system that only stores two decimal places?
16.66 (rounding error).
Convert the binary number 101101 to decimal.
45
Convert the decimal number 47 to binary.
101111
What is a bit?
A single binary digit (0 or 1).
What is a byte?
8 bits.
What is a number base?
The number of digits or digit combinations a system uses to represent values.
What is the binary number system?
A base-2 number system using only 0 and 1.
What is the decimal number system?
A base-10 number system using digits 0-9.
What is the hexadecimal number system?
A base-16 number system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
What is ASCII?
A standard for converting text to binary.
What is Unicode?
A modern and comprehensive system for converting text to binary, supporting a wider range of characters than ASCII.
What is analog data?
Continuous data that changes smoothly.
What is digital data?
Discrete data with a finite set of possible values.