All Flashcards
How is binary used in computer memory?
To store all data and instructions as 0s and 1s.
How is hexadecimal used in color codes?
To represent RGB color values (e.g., #FFFFFF for white).
Give an example of abstraction in a smartphone.
Using apps without knowing how they interact with the operating system.
How is digital data used in music?
To store audio files as a series of discrete samples.
How is abstraction used in web development?
Using HTML and CSS without needing to understand the underlying network protocols.
How are overflow errors relevant in financial calculations?
They can lead to incorrect balances if large sums exceed the storage capacity.
How are rounding errors relevant in scientific simulations?
They can accumulate and affect the accuracy of the results over time.
How is binary used in image representation?
Each pixel's color is represented by a binary code.
How is hexadecimal used in representing memory addresses?
Provides a more human-readable and compact way to represent binary memory locations.
How is digital data used in medical imaging (e.g., X-rays)?
Analog signals are converted to digital data for storage and processing, allowing doctors to view and analyze the images.
What are the differences between analog and digital data?
Analog: Continuous, smooth changes | Digital: Discrete, finite values.
What are the differences between ASCII and Unicode?
ASCII: Limited character set, 7 bits | Unicode: Larger character set, variable bits.
Compare decimal and binary number systems.
Decimal (Base-10): Uses 0-9 | Binary (Base-2): Uses 0 and 1.
Compare binary and hexadecimal number systems.
Binary (Base-2): Uses 0 and 1, longer representation | Hexadecimal (Base-16): Uses 0-9 and A-F, shorter representation.
What are the differences between overflow and rounding errors?
Overflow: Exceeding maximum storage capacity | Rounding: Approximation due to limited precision.
Compare the number of values representable by 4 bits and 8 bits.
4 bits: 2^4 = 16 values | 8 bits: 2^8 = 256 values
Compare abstraction in everyday life and in computing.
Everyday: Using appliances without knowing internal workings | Computing: Using variables without knowing binary representation.
Compare the use of binary vs hexadecimal for representing memory addresses.
Binary: Directly represents bits, verbose | Hexadecimal: Compact representation of binary, easier to read.
Compare the storage requirements of ASCII and Unicode for English text.
ASCII: 1 byte per character | Unicode: Typically 1-4 bytes per character, often 2 for English.
Compare the representation of numbers in low-level and high-level languages.
Low-level: Fixed number of bytes, prone to overflow | High-level: Dynamic, handles overflow automatically (usually).
What is a bit?
A single binary digit (0 or 1).
What is a byte?
8 bits.
What is a number base?
The number of digits or digit combinations a system uses to represent values.
What is the binary number system?
A base-2 number system using only 0 and 1.
What is the decimal number system?
A base-10 number system using digits 0-9.
What is the hexadecimal number system?
A base-16 number system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
What is ASCII?
A standard for converting text to binary.
What is Unicode?
A modern and comprehensive system for converting text to binary, supporting a wider range of characters than ASCII.
What is analog data?
Continuous data that changes smoothly.
What is digital data?
Discrete data with a finite set of possible values.