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What does the following code output?
```python
def my_procedure(x, y):
result = x * 2 + y
return result
print(my_procedure(5, 3))```
13
Identify the error in the following code:
```python
def calculate_average(a, b, c):
sum = a + b + c
average = sum / 2
return average
print(calculate_average(10, 20, 30))```
The average should be calculated by dividing the sum by 3, not 2.
What does the following code output?
```python
def greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name + "!")
greet("Alice")```
Hello, Alice!
What does the following code output?
```python
def multiply(x, y):
return x * y
result = multiply(4, 6)
print(result)```
24
Identify the error in the following code:
```python
def square(n):
print(n * n)
result = square(5)
print(result)```
The function `square` does not explicitly return a value, so `result` will be `None`.
What does the following code output?
```python
def add(a, b):
return a + b
print(add(5, 3))```
8
What does the following code output?
```python
def greet(name):
return "Hello, " + name + "!"
message = greet("Bob")
print(message)```
Hello, Bob!
Identify the error in the following code:
```python
def divide(x, y):
return x / y
print(divide(10, 0))```
The code will result in a `ZeroDivisionError` because division by zero is not allowed.
What does the following code output?
```python
def calculate_sum(numbers):
total = 0
for num in numbers:
total += num
return total
print(calculate_sum([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))```
15
Identify the error in the following code:
```python
def is_even(n):
if n % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")
result = is_even(7)
print(result)```
The function `is_even` does not explicitly return a value, so `result` will be `None`.
Why is procedural abstraction useful?
Modularity, readability, and reusability.
What is the benefit of modularity in programming?
Easier to organize, debug, and update code.
How do parameters contribute to reusability?
Allow the same procedure to be used with various inputs.
What happens when a 'return' statement is executed?
The procedure immediately stops and returns control to the caller.
Why is it beneficial to modify procedures?
Changes are reflected everywhere the procedure is called, saving time.
Explain the concept of code readability.
Code readability refers to how easily other programmers can understand your code.
Describe the relationship between procedures and modularity.
Procedures enable modularity by breaking down large problems into smaller, manageable parts.
How does procedural abstraction relate to the concept of an API?
Procedural abstraction is a key element in creating APIs, which allow different software components to interact without needing to know the implementation details.
Explain the importance of clear input/output behavior for procedures.
Clear input/output behavior ensures that procedures are predictable and can be easily integrated into larger systems.
What are the trade-offs of using procedural abstraction?
While it improves readability and reusability, it can sometimes add overhead due to function call costs.
What is Procedural Abstraction?
Calling a procedure without knowing its internal details.
What is Modularity?
Dividing a program into independent modules or procedures.
What are Parameters?
Inputs that procedures use to work with different data.
What is a Return Statement?
A statement that immediately exits a procedure.
What is a Procedure?
A block of code that performs a specific task. Also known as functions or methods.
What is Reusability in programming?
The ability to use the same procedure multiple times with different inputs.
What is Encapsulation?
Bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data.
Define Arguments in the context of procedures.
The actual values passed to the procedure when it is called.
What is a Void Procedure?
A procedure that does not return a value.
What is the main goal of program design?
To create programs that are effective, efficient, and easy to maintain.