Algorithms & Programming Fundamentals
What is the term for a sequence of instructions that solves a specific task in programming?
Procedure
Algorithm
Declaration
Variable
What kind of procedure might benefit from using a hash map data structure over an array?
ENFORCING MUTUAL EXCLUSIVITY BETWEEN ELEMENTS
ENSURING ALL ELEMENTS HAVE THE SAME DATA TYPE
USING DATA IN A SPECIFIC SEQUENTIAL ORDER
IMPLEMENTING FAST LOOKUPS BY KEY
In programming, what does it mean to 'call' a procedure?
To rename a procedure during program execution dynamically.
To remove a procedure from your codebase entirely.
To send an error message if something goes wrong within that procedure only.
To execute the set of instructions defined within that procedure at a certain point in the program.
What is the primary purpose of parameters in procedures?
To restrict the use of procedures
To represent general categories of data
To define local variables
To eliminate the need for procedure calls
What should be considered when creating a procedure that encrypts sensitive information before storage?
The number of comments within the procedure's code.
The strength and type of encryption algorithm used.
The animation effects applied during data entry.
The color scheme of the application's user interface.
Which of the following best describes a characteristic of an effective algorithm?
It utilizes the maximum available memory.
It produces the correct output for valid input.
It compiles without any syntax errors.
It includes at least ten steps or more.
Considering recursion versus iteration approaches when designing an algorithm meant to repeatedly apply a transformation until a condition is met, what should weigh heavily in the decision process?
Recursion may result in cleaner code representation of cyclic behavior, although the risk of stack overflow exists if high levels of repetition are required.
Iteration leads to quicker execution speeds in many cases due to fewer function calls, contrasting recursive methods that involve repeated self-calling.
Recursive methods inherently consume less storage space than their iterative counterparts because they do not maintain previous state information extensively.
Iterative loops are typically harder to write and comprehend compared to straightforward recursive functions when dealing with cyclical patterns.

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What do we call the parts of procedures that can be used with different actual arguments to perform tasks in various contexts?
Objects
Parameters
Indexes
Iterators
In what way could developing artificial intelligence for medical diagnoses impact societal notions of trust in healthcare?
There might be skepticism towards diagnosis accuracy without human oversight.
Doctor-patient relationships would strengthen due to increased diagnostic speed.
All patients would have unequivocal trust due to improved diagnostic methods.
There would be no change since computers and humans are equally trusted currently.
Which of the following data types would be most appropriate for a procedure that requires tracking whether a light is turned on or off?
String
Integer
Float
Boolean