All Flashcards
What is sequence in programming?
Instructions are executed in order, one after the other.
What is selection in programming?
Code blocks are executed based on conditions (if, if-else).
What is iteration in programming?
Code blocks are repeated until a condition is met or for a specific number of times (loops).
What is the purpose of random number generation?
To introduce unpredictability and simulate real-world events in programs.
Describe the function of routers in the Internet.
Routers direct data packets between networks to ensure they reach their destination.
Explain the role of protocols in Internet communication.
Protocols are standard rules that enable computers to communicate with each other. Examples include TCP/IP, HTTP, and DNS.
What is data representation?
How data is encoded and stored in a computer system (e.g., binary, ASCII, Unicode).
What is data visualization?
Using charts and graphs to understand patterns in data.
What is data mining?
Discovering useful information from large datasets.
What is ethical computing?
Applying moral principles to the use of computers and technology, including privacy, avoiding bias, and respecting intellectual property.
What does RANDOM(1, 6) return in pseudocode?
A random integer between 1 and 6, inclusive.
What is the purpose of the following Python code?
python
import random
c = random.randint(a, b)
To generate a random integer between 'a' and 'b' (inclusive) and assign it to the variable 'c'.
Predict the output:
pseudocode
count ← 0
LOOP 5 TIMES
roll ← RANDOM(1, 2)
IF roll = 1
count ← count + 1
END IF
END LOOP
DISPLAY count
A number between 0 and 5, inclusive, representing the number of times 1 was rolled.
Complete the following Python code to generate a random number between 10 and 20:
python
import random
number = random.______(10, 20)
randint
What is the output of this code?
python
import random
random.seed(42)
print(random.randint(1, 10))
random.seed(42)
print(random.randint(1, 10))
The same number will be printed twice because the seed is set to the same value before each call to randint().
Identify the error:
python
import random
print(random.randInt(1, 10))
random.randInt should be random.randint. Python is case-sensitive.
Predict the output:
pseudocode
number ← RANDOM(1, 10)
DISPLAY number
A random integer between 1 and 10 (inclusive).
Complete the pseudocode to simulate rolling a die:
pseudocode
roll ← RANDOM(____, ____)
1, 6
What is the output of the following code?
python
import random
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(random.choice(numbers))
A random element from the list numbers (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5).
What is the output of this code?
python
import random
random.seed(1)
print(random.random())
random.seed(1)
print(random.random())
The same random floating-point number between 0 and 1 will be printed twice.
What is a variable?
A named container that stores information which can change during program execution.
What are data types?
The type of data a variable can hold (e.g., integer, string, boolean).
What is a procedure?
A reusable block of code that performs a specific task.
What are parameters?
Inputs to procedures that allow them to operate on different data.
What are return values?
The result a procedure sends back after it completes its task.
What is the Internet?
A global network of interconnected computers that communicate using standard protocols.
What is the World Wide Web?
A system of linked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
What is HTML?
The language used to structure web pages.
What is binary?
The fundamental language of computers using 0s and 1s.
What is cybersecurity?
Measures taken to protect computer systems and networks from threats.