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What are the differences between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
Internet: The global network infrastructure. | World Wide Web: A service that uses the Internet to access linked hypertext documents.
What are the differences between ASCII and Unicode?
ASCII: Represents characters using 7 or 8 bits. | Unicode: Represents characters using a variable number of bits (up to 4 bytes), supporting a wider range of characters.
What are the differences between positive and negative impacts of the Internet?
Positive: Increased access to information, global communication. | Negative: Privacy concerns, cybersecurity risks.
What are the differences between `random.random()` and `random.randint()` in Python?
`random.random()`: Returns a random float between 0.0 and 1.0. | `random.randint(a, b)`: Returns a random integer between a and b (inclusive).
What are the differences between sequence and selection control structures?
Sequence: Instructions are executed in order. | Selection: Code blocks are executed based on a condition.
What are the differences between lossy and lossless data compression?
Lossy: Some data is lost during compression, reducing file size significantly. | Lossless: All data is preserved during compression, allowing for perfect reconstruction.
What are the differences between a client and a server?
Client: Requests services from a server. | Server: Provides services to clients.
What are the differences between a variable and a constant?
Variable: Its value can change during program execution. | Constant: Its value remains the same throughout program execution.
What are the differences between a compiler and an interpreter?
Compiler: Translates the entire source code into machine code before execution. | Interpreter: Translates and executes the source code line by line.
What are the differences between a firewall and antivirus software?
Firewall: Prevents unauthorized access to a network or computer. | Antivirus: Detects and removes malicious software from a computer.
What does `RANDOM(1, 6)` return in pseudocode?
A random integer between 1 and 6, inclusive.
What is the purpose of the following Python code?
```python
import random
c = random.randint(a, b)
```
To generate a random integer between 'a' and 'b' (inclusive) and assign it to the variable 'c'.
Predict the output:
```pseudocode
count ← 0
LOOP 5 TIMES
roll ← RANDOM(1, 2)
IF roll = 1
count ← count + 1
END IF
END LOOP
DISPLAY count
```
A number between 0 and 5, inclusive, representing the number of times 1 was rolled.
Complete the following Python code to generate a random number between 10 and 20:
```python
import random
number = random.______(10, 20)
```
randint
What is the output of this code?
```python
import random
random.seed(42)
print(random.randint(1, 10))
random.seed(42)
print(random.randint(1, 10))
```
The same number will be printed twice because the seed is set to the same value before each call to `randint()`.
Identify the error:
```python
import random
print(random.randInt(1, 10))
```
`random.randInt` should be `random.randint`. Python is case-sensitive.
Predict the output:
```pseudocode
number ← RANDOM(1, 10)
DISPLAY number
```
A random integer between 1 and 10 (inclusive).
Complete the pseudocode to simulate rolling a die:
```pseudocode
roll ← RANDOM(____, ____)
```
1, 6
What is the output of the following code?
```python
import random
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(random.choice(numbers))
```
A random element from the list `numbers` (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5).
What is the output of this code?
```python
import random
random.seed(1)
print(random.random())
random.seed(1)
print(random.random())
```
The same random floating-point number between 0 and 1 will be printed twice.
What is sequence in programming?
Instructions are executed in order, one after the other.
What is selection in programming?
Code blocks are executed based on conditions (if, if-else).
What is iteration in programming?
Code blocks are repeated until a condition is met or for a specific number of times (loops).
What is the purpose of random number generation?
To introduce unpredictability and simulate real-world events in programs.
Describe the function of routers in the Internet.
Routers direct data packets between networks to ensure they reach their destination.
Explain the role of protocols in Internet communication.
Protocols are standard rules that enable computers to communicate with each other. Examples include TCP/IP, HTTP, and DNS.
What is data representation?
How data is encoded and stored in a computer system (e.g., binary, ASCII, Unicode).
What is data visualization?
Using charts and graphs to understand patterns in data.
What is data mining?
Discovering useful information from large datasets.
What is ethical computing?
Applying moral principles to the use of computers and technology, including privacy, avoiding bias, and respecting intellectual property.