All Flashcards
What are the differences between Citizen Science and other forms of Crowdsourcing?
Citizen Science: Focuses on scientific research | Crowdsourcing: Broader, includes feedback, labor, and funding.
What are the differences between Crowdfunding and traditional funding models?
Crowdfunding: Relies on small contributions from many individuals | Traditional Funding: Seeks large investments from a few sources.
What are the differences between using expert data and crowdsourced data?
Expert Data: Typically high accuracy, limited scope | Crowdsourced Data: Large scale, potential for inaccuracies.
What are the differences between open-source software development and proprietary software development?
Open-source: Code is publicly available, collaborative development | Proprietary: Code is private, controlled by a single entity.
What are the differences between structured and unstructured data in crowdsourcing?
Structured: Organized in a predefined format (e.g., a survey) | Unstructured: Less organized (e.g., social media posts).
What are the differences between synchronous and asynchronous collaboration?
Synchronous: Real-time interaction (e.g., video conferencing) | Asynchronous: Delayed interaction (e.g., email).
What are the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in citizen science?
Intrinsic: Driven by personal interest or enjoyment | Extrinsic: Driven by external rewards (e.g., recognition).
What are the differences between data validation and data verification?
Validation: Checks if data meets predefined criteria | Verification: Checks if data is accurate and truthful.
What are the differences between centralized and decentralized crowdsourcing platforms?
Centralized: Managed by a single entity | Decentralized: Distributed across multiple nodes or users.
What are the differences between qualitative and quantitative data in citizen science?
Qualitative: Descriptive data (e.g., observations) | Quantitative: Numerical data (e.g., measurements).
What is the definition of Citizen Science?
Scientific research conducted by the general public.
What is the definition of Crowdsourcing?
Gathering input or information from a large group of people online.
What is the definition of Crowdfunding?
Raising money from a large group of people online.
Define 'Data Collection' in the context of Citizen Science.
The process of gathering measurements and observations from the natural world or human activities.
Define 'Bias' in the context of crowdsourced data.
Systematic errors in data collection or interpretation that can skew results.
Define 'Volunteer Computing'.
A type of crowdsourcing where individuals donate their computing resources to solve complex problems.
Define 'Open Source' in the context of collaboration.
A development method that promotes access to the design and production of goods, allowing redistribution and modification.
Define 'Data Analysis' in the context of citizen science.
The process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information, draw conclusions, and support decision-making.
Define 'Algorithm'.
A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.
Define 'Data Set'.
A collection of related sets of information that is composed of separate elements but can be manipulated as a unit by a computer.
How is crowdsourcing applied in disaster relief efforts?
Mapping affected areas, identifying needs, and coordinating aid through online platforms.
How is citizen science used in environmental monitoring?
Collecting data on air and water quality, tracking wildlife populations, and monitoring climate change impacts.
How is crowdsourcing used in software development?
Testing software, identifying bugs, and contributing code through open-source projects.
Give a real-world example of crowdsourcing for translation services.
Wikipedia's translation project, where volunteers translate articles into different languages.
How is crowdsourcing applied in urban planning?
Gathering feedback on proposed developments, identifying community needs, and mapping resources.
Give a real-world example of citizen science in astronomy.
Zooniverse's Galaxy Zoo project, where volunteers classify galaxies based on images.
How is crowdsourcing used for medical research?
Analyzing medical images, transcribing patient records, and identifying potential drug targets.
Give a real-world example of crowdsourcing in journalism.
ProPublica's Documenting Hate project, where people report hate crimes and incidents.
How is citizen science used in biodiversity research?
Collecting data on species distribution, monitoring invasive species, and assessing ecosystem health.
How is crowdsourcing used in creating online encyclopedias?
Wikipedia allows users to contribute and edit articles, creating a collaborative knowledge base.