Algorithms & Programming Fundamentals
What type of problem would best justify writing separate procedures instead of incorporating all logic into one single procedure?
Problems that are highly sequential where splitting into procedures could disrupt flow unnecessarily.
Problems demanding real-time execution speed where procedural calls might introduce unwanted overhead.
Problems so simple that breaking them down further complicates understanding rather than enhancing it.
Problems containing repetitive tasks across different parts of code benefiting from modularity.
When developing a comprehensive testing strategy for a complex program, what would be the most effective initial step to confirm that basic functions operate as expected before integrating them into larger components?
Performing integration testing to ensure that different modules interact correctly.
Executing system tests that validate the software in its entirety against requirements.
Implementing unit tests for individual procedures and modules.
Conducting stress tests to evaluate performance under high load conditions.
What is the term for the output variables of a procedure?
Arguments
Parameters
Expressions
Return values
How might self-driving cars pose difficult ethical decisions related to programming emergency response protocols?
They may not perform well under varying weather conditions impacting visibility.
They must be programmed with priorities in unavoidable accident scenarios.
Self-driving systems could eliminate human error while driving altogether.
Autonomous vehicles could potentially reduce traffic congestion problems on roads.
In Python, what can be done with the value returned by a procedure?
Assign it to a variable or use it in expressions
Call another procedure with it
Print it to the console
Define input variables for another procedure
Which paradigm would best support concurrent processing of independent tasks within a computational solution aimed at maximizing efficiency on multi-core processors?
Declarative parallelism offered by functional languages can handle concurrency well without side effects complicating thread safety.
The imperative style's reliance on sequential steps could hinder optimal use of multi-core capabilities due to potential race conditions.
Logic-programming’s backtracking mechanisms may introduce unnecessary complexity into parallel processing contexts.
Object-oriented encapsulation controls access but doesn't inherently provide concurrency optimizations.
Which of the following is a potential economic impact of automating a task using a procedure in computing technology?
Increased demand for handmade artisan goods.
Decreased efficiency in task completion times.
Job displacement due to automation in industries.
Greater need for face-to-face customer service.

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How might implementing an AI-driven diagnostic system in rural clinics impact healthcare?
This might reduce the personal touch in healthcare, as patients would be interacting more with machines than humans.
It could enhance accurate diagnoses where there are shortages of medical professionals, while raising concerns about data privacy and reliance on technology.
The use of such a system is likely to pose significant challenges due to the energy requirements and infrastructure needed for AI.
It may increase the workload of existing staff due to difficulties in integrating new technologies into old systems.
What ethical implication might arise from calling procedures that collect user data without their explicit consent?
Improved security measures against unauthorized access to data.
Violation of user privacy and potential misuse of personal information.
Reduction in computational resources required to run applications.
The creation of more accurate and helpful personalized services.
When a procedure has parameters, what must be provided each time the procedure is called?
Additional procedures to support the original call to action.
A new name to distinguish it from other calls to the same procedure.
Arguments that match the number and type of its parameters.
Modifications to the procedure’s underlying algorithm for customization.