Algorithms & Programming Fundamentals
How does implementing agent-based modeling influence considerations around ethics and privacy compared to traditional aggregate modeling?
Agent-based modeling risks exposing individual behaviors unless strict privacy protections are applied.
Traditional aggregate models require less personal data, reducing ethical obligations regarding information gathering.
Agent-based systems provide clearer insights into population dynamics, enhancing social welfare considerations.
Aggregate modeling is less effective at predicting outcomes, potentially causing harm due to poor decision making based on simulations.
In a simulated network environment, which method would best help maintain data integrity during transmission?
Creating more user accounts with limited privileges
Implementing checksums or hash functions
Increasing password complexity requirements
Implementing multi-factor authentication
What type of algorithm would be least efficient when trying to simulate realtime dynamic systems, such as weather forecasting?
Linear-time algorithms optimized for sequential data processing tasks.
A brute-force algorithm iterating over all possible states within the system.
Distributed computing approaches spreading computation across multiple machines.
Heuristic algorithms designed to find near-optimal solutions quickly.
What is a primary purpose of using simulations in computing?
To enforce cybersecurity measures
To model and study complex systems
To reduce the speed of computations
To create new physical devices
How can simulations contain bias?
Through the choices made by the simulation creator
Through the inclusion of complex programming algorithms
Through the incorporation of virtual reality technology
Through the randomness of the simulated events
What kind of software could be considered as part of agent-based simulation?
Linear programming.
Artificial intelligence.
Agent-based simulation.
Spreadsheets.
When calibrating an agent-based model for market prediction, what factor could most significantly reduce its validity?
Adjusting for transaction latency based on network speeds.
Incorporating a range of possible human behaviors.
Overfitting to past market performance data.
Implementing randomized transactions between agents.

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What is an ethical consideration when developing simulations that predict outcomes of pandemics on populations?
The use of very advanced technology that some users may find difficult to navigate.
Potential discrimination against populations depicted as highly affected.
False interpretations by non-experts leading to unnecessary panic.
Data privacy must be maintained while using individuals' health information.
What does the study guide mention as an example of oversimplification in simulations?
Simulating the planets with tennis balls
Simulating the human brain functions
Simulating the stock market fluctuations
Simulating the behavior of chemical reactions
Which protocol would most likely be simulated in an educational application designed to teach students about real-time voice communication over the Internet?
Internet Protocol (IP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)