Computer Systems & Networks
Which component would likely be duplicated in a fault-tolerant computer system?
Power supply units.
Software licenses.
Instruction manuals.
User accounts.
Which strategy is most appropriate when trying to prevent faults from escalating into catastrophic failures in complex software systems?
Scheduling regular downtime for comprehensive system audits and updates.
Implementing graduated rollback capabilities allowing partial reversions of operational states.
Adopting blue-green deployment strategies for uninterrupted service during updates.
Using static code analysis tools during development cycles to detect potential bugs early on.
In terms of increasing a network's fault tolerance, what is primarily achieved through implementing redundant pathways between nodes?
Enhancing security measures by complicating potential intrusion paths.
Reducing energy consumption by utilizing more efficient routing strategies.
Decreasing overall network traffic to prevent congestion and delays.
Ensuring alternative routes for data transmission if one pathway fails.
How can fault tolerance help reduce vulnerabilities in digital systems?
By ensuring constant peak performance
By providing backup options in case of failure
By eliminating cyberattacks
By preventing hardware malfunctions
Which scenario best exemplifies application level resilience as part of a comprehensive strategy towards achieving total system resilience?
The adoption of virtualization technologies to isolate applications and prevent cascading failures amongst the entire infrastructure.
The implementation of error correcting code and streaming protocols to detect and correct minor corruptions in transmitted video/audio streams.
The deployment of optimized routing protocols to reduce latency and improve the quality of service provided to end-users.
The utilization of sophisticated firewalls to block potential threats and preserve integrity within networks.
In a peer-to-peer file-sharing network designed with fault tolerance in mind, which feature would most likely increase the risk to users' privacy?
Files automatically replicated across multiple peers without encryption.
Encrypting files before distribution amongst peers.
Limiting access to files based on user credentials.
Frequent verification of file integrity across peers.
Which technique would best help identify a single point of failure in a distributed system that is intended to be fault-tolerant?
Implementing unit tests for individual modules within the system.
Reviewing version control history for changes to critical system files.
Conducting a chaos engineering exercise by intentionally disabling different components.
Running performance benchmarks under expected load conditions.

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In cloud computing environments, what approach is commonly used to achieve fault tolerance across different geographic locations?
Distributing resources across multiple physically separate data centers
Deploying lightweight client-side applications exclusively
Centralizing all user-data onto single high-capacity servers
Storing all critical applications in a central supercomputing facility
What type of redundancy is typically used in databases to protect against data loss due to hardware failure?
Implementing write-once read-many (WORM) media format
Using volatile memory for temporary storage needs
Replication of data across multiple storage devices
Storing all data on a single solid-state drive for speed
Given a distributed system designed to handle large-scale computations, which strategy would best enhance its fault tolerance while considering resource limitations?
Centralizing data storage to a single high-capacity node.
Reducing the number of nodes to minimize network traffic.
Increasing the computational power of a single node.
Implementing redundant data storage across multiple nodes.