Computing's Impact on Society
Which approach might inadvertently amplify bias when designing an algorithm intended to predict creditworthiness based on historical lending data?
Incorporating feedback loops where credit outcomes are re-assessed against predictions periodically adjust model accuracy.
Applying regularization techniques to prevent overfitting and ensure generalization across various demographics.
Aggregating additional socioeconomic factors with financial history aiming at comprehensive risk assessment.
Utilizing raw historical lending data without addressing past discriminatory practices encoded within it as features for prediction modeling.
Which scenario best illustrates an algorithm exhibiting bias in a social media platform?
An image recognition algorithm with equal error rates across different skin tones.
A recommendation system disproportionately suggesting posts from users of a certain age group.
A spell checker flagging technical jargon as mistakes regardless of the document's context.
A chatbot responding to queries based solely on keyword frequency without user profiling.
How would employing facial recognition technology at international borders affect individual privacy rights?
Improved efficiency at border checks might lead people to voluntarily trade some level of privacy for quicker entry processes.
International agreements regarding standardization in technologies used might mitigate individual countries’ excessive intrusions into personal information.
Encrypted databases where facial recognition data is stored may present challenges but will ensure individual identities are protected against theft or unauthorized access.
This technology could violate privacy by collecting biometric data without consent and potentially misidentifying individuals leading to false accusations.
In what way might a network communication protocol disproportionately affect different user groups thereby contributing to computer bias?
By utilizing a protocol that is backward compatible, ensuring older devices can still function effectively with new networks.
By having higher bandwidth requirements that can only be met by users with advanced hardware, thus excluding others based on economic status.
By employing universal plug and play capabilities allowing devices to interact without complex setup procedures, enhancing usability for all users.
By incorporating multilanguage support, facilitating more inclusive international communications using diverse languages.
In the context of computing bias within algorithms that process job applications based on keywords from resumes, what is the advantage of using sets over lists to store those keywords?
Sets require less memory storage compared to lists due to their structure.
Lists have built-in methods that can sort keywords alphabetically before processing.
Sets automatically remove duplicate entries ensuring unique keyword consideration.
Lists allow sequential access which makes processing faster than sets.
When optimizing an image recognition algorithm, what factor could greatly increase the likelihood of biased outcomes if not accounted for during training?
Implementing convolutional neural networks known for their effectiveness in image analysis.
Increasing the number of layers in a deep learning model to improve feature identification accuracy.
Using high-resolution images that offer greater detail for feature extraction.
An unrepresentative training set reflecting limited or skewed variations in images.
What form of bias could result from training a language translation model exclusively on literature from the 19th century?
The model may inaccurately translate modern slang or terminology due to historical linguistic norms.
Contemporary dialects would be translated with greater precision thanks to the rich vocabulary of classic literature.
There would be no impact since high-quality literature ensures robust language models irrespective of era.
The translation speed would be faster because older texts are simpler and have fewer words.

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Which approach helps reduce bias when developing algorithms used for facial recognition software?
Limiting the software's use to daytime hours only
Increasing the complexity of the algorithm
Reducing the number of facial features analyzed
Using a diverse set of training images
What unintended impact might arise from the implementation of machine learning models in loan approvals?
Ensuring fair treatment among applicants by removing subjective assessments practices held by individual loan officers
Increasing disparate impact where minority applicants are denied loans at higher rates because historical patterns indicate higher risk factors
Reducing human error instances during evaluation process maintaining consistent analysis across all applicants
Facilitating faster approval decisions resulting in better customer service experiences for applicants
Why might an algorithm be considered biased?
It consistently produces unfair outcomes for certain groups of people.
It uses random numbers to make decisions.
It operates at high speeds without human intervention.
It requires a large amount of computing power to run effectively.