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How do you identify trends in a line graph?
Look for general patterns or directions in the data over time, such as increasing, decreasing, or constant trends.
How do you determine the strength of a correlation in a scatterplot?
Assess how closely the data points fit a line or curve. A strong correlation has data points closely aligned, while a weak correlation has more scattered points.
How can you identify outliers in a box plot?
Outliers are typically represented as individual points beyond the whiskers of the box plot.
How do you use a pie chart to determine the proportion of a category?
Calculate the angle of the sector representing the category and divide it by 360 degrees to find the proportion.
How do you use extrapolation to make predictions?
Extend a trend beyond the observed data range, but be cautious as extrapolation assumes the trend continues unchanged.
How do you use interpolation to estimate values?
Estimate values within the observed data range based on the existing data points. This is generally more reliable than extrapolation.
Describe how to compare datasets using box plots.
Compare the medians, quartiles, and ranges of the box plots to understand differences in central tendency and spread.
Explain how a histogram can be used to understand the distribution of data.
The height of each bar in a histogram represents the frequency of data within that interval, allowing you to visualize the shape and spread of the data.
How do outliers affect the mean of a dataset?
Outliers can substantially impact the mean, pulling it towards their extreme values. The median is generally less affected by outliers.
How do you interpret cyclical patterns in data?
Cyclical patterns are regular fluctuations or repeats at fixed intervals. Identify the length of the cycle and the phases within each cycle.
Define a bar graph.
A graph that uses bars to represent categorical data, where bar height is proportional to the value.
Define a line graph.
A graph that connects data points with lines to show trends over time, suitable for continuous data.
Define a pie chart.
A circular chart divided into slices, where each slice represents a proportion of the total.
Define a histogram.
A graph that displays the distribution of a continuous variable by dividing data into bins.
Define a scatterplot.
A graph that shows the relationship between two variables on a coordinate plane.
Define a box plot.
A graph summarizing data distribution using median, quartiles, and outliers.
Define positive correlation.
A relationship where both variables increase or decrease together.
Define negative correlation.
A relationship where one variable increases while the other decreases.
Define zero correlation.
A situation where there is no apparent relationship between two variables.
Define an outlier.
A data point that deviates significantly from the overall pattern or trend.