Glossary
Clause Recognition
The crucial ability to identify and differentiate between independent and dependent clauses within a sentence, which is fundamental for correct punctuation and sentence structure.
Example:
Mastering clause recognition helps you avoid common grammatical errors like fragments and run-ons on the SAT.
Comma (with FANBOYS)
Punctuation used before a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) when it connects two independent clauses to form a compound sentence.
Example:
He wanted to go to the concert, but he had to finish his project.
Comma (with dependent clause first)
Punctuation used after a dependent clause when it precedes the independent clause in a sentence.
Example:
If you finish your homework early, you can watch a movie with your friends.
Comma Splices
A common grammatical error where two independent clauses are incorrectly joined by only a comma, without a coordinating conjunction or semicolon.
Example:
The sun was setting, the sky turned orange with vibrant hues. (This is an example of the error)
Coordinating Conjunctions
Words that connect two independent clauses or other grammatically equal elements, showing relationships like addition, contrast, or consequence.
Example:
She loves to read novels, and she enjoys writing poetry.
Dependent Clause
A group of words that contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete sentence; it relies on an independent clause for full meaning.
Example:
While the music played, the dancers moved gracefully across the stage.
FANBOYS
An acronym representing the seven coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. They are used to join two independent clauses.
Example:
Remember the FANBOYS to link independent clauses correctly and avoid run-on sentences.
Independent Clause
A group of words that contains a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete sentence, expressing a complete thought.
Example:
The student studied diligently; she aced the exam.
Run-on Sentences
A grammatical error where two or more independent clauses are joined without any proper punctuation or conjunctions, making the sentence difficult to read.
Example:
She loves to read books she visits the library often to find new titles. (This is an example of the error)
Sentence Fragments
An incomplete sentence that lacks either a subject, a verb, or an independent clause, often a dependent clause presented as a full sentence.
Example:
Because it was raining heavily throughout the night. (This is an example of the error)
Subordinating Conjunctions
Words that connect a dependent clause to an independent clause, indicating a relationship such as time, cause, or condition.
Example:
Because it was raining, the outdoor concert was postponed.