SAT Math: Problem Solving and Data Analysis
Which of the following best describes selection bias?
A) Participants providing inaccurate answers in a survey.
B) The researcher's expectations influencing the results.
C) The sample not representing the whole population.
D) Hidden factors that affect cause-and-effect relationships.
A researcher wants to survey students about their opinions on a new school policy. To ensure representation from each grade level, the researcher divides the student population into grade levels and then randomly selects students from each ...
A) Simple random sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Stratified sampling
D) Cluster sampling
Which type of chart is most suitable for comparing the sales of different product categories in a single year?
A) Line graph
B) Pie chart
C) Bar graph
D) Scatterplot
A researcher is conducting a survey on political opinions but only collects responses from individuals attending a political rally for a specific candidate. What type of bias is most likely to affect the results of this survey?
A) Response bias
B) Selection bias
C) Researcher bias
D) Confounding bias
A researcher designs an experiment to test the effect of a new exercise program on weight loss. Participants are allowed to choose whether they want to be in the exercise group or the control group. What is the most significant weakness of ...
A) The lack of a dependent variable.
B) The potential for confounding variables and selection bias.
C) The absence of a control group.
D) The small sample size.
A study claims that drinking a specific herbal tea significantly reduces anxiety, based on data collected from participants who volunteered to participate after seeing an advertisement for the tea. The study was funded by the tea company. W...
A) The use of herbal tea instead of medication.
B) The presence of potential researcher bias and selection bias.
C) The lack of a large sample size.
D) The fact that anxiety levels were self-reported.
A study aims to determine the effect of a new teaching method on student test scores. However, students in the experimental group also have access to additional tutoring, while those in the control group do not. How might biases interact in...
A) Only selection bias is present, as the groups are pre-selected.
B) Researcher bias is the primary concern, as the researcher may favor the experimental group.
C) Confounding variables (access to tutoring) interact with potential selection bias if the groups differed initially.
D) Response bias is the main issue, as students may exaggerate their test scores.

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Which of the following actions can help minimize measurement errors during data collection?
A) Using subjective assessments to gather data.
B) Standardizing data collection procedures.
C) Ignoring external factors that may influence the results.
D) Relying on faulty instruments to collect data.
Which sampling technique gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Random sampling
D) Cluster sampling
In an experiment studying the effect of a new drug on reaction time, what is the independent variable?
A) The participants in the study
B) The reaction time of the participants
C) The new drug
D) The control group