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What is ad hominem?
Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is a false dilemma?
Presenting only two options when more exist.
What is a bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true because it is popular.
What is a hasty generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
What is a post hoc fallacy?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
What is appeal to ignorance?
Arguing that something is true because it has not been proven false, or vice versa.
What is a slippery slope fallacy?
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.
What is begging the question?
Assuming the conclusion in the premise.
What is a red herring fallacy?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the main argument.
What is anecdote and how is it used?
A brief story used to illustrate a point, add humor, or connect with the audience.
What is comparison-contrast and how is it used?
Examining similarities and differences between subjects to deepen analysis and show nuanced understanding.
What is definition-description and how is it used?
Providing a clear definition and vivid details to help the reader understand a concept.
What is the purpose of a rhetorical question?
A question asked for effect, not requiring an answer; used to engage the audience and prompt thought.
Explain the use of analogy as a rhetorical strategy.
Drawing a parallel between two unlike things to explain a complex idea in simpler terms.
How does repetition function as a rhetorical strategy?
Repeating words or phrases to emphasize a point and create a memorable effect.
What is appeal to authority and how is it used?
Citing a credible source or expert to support a claim and enhance persuasiveness.
What is imagery and how is it used?
Using descriptive language to create vivid mental pictures for the reader.
What is the function of a call to action?
Encouraging the audience to take specific steps or actions based on the argument presented.
How does understatement work as a rhetorical device?
Deliberately minimizing the significance of something to create irony or emphasis.
What is the structure of a classical argument?
Introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion.
What is a claim of value?
An argument that something is good or bad, right or wrong.
What is a claim of policy?
An argument that a specific course of action should be taken.
What is a claim of fact?
An argument that something is true or not true.
Explain the Toulmin model of argumentation.
Claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal.
What is inductive reasoning?
Moving from specific observations to a general conclusion.
What is deductive reasoning?
Moving from a general principle to a specific conclusion.
Describe the role of evidence in argumentation.
To support claims and make the argument more persuasive.
What is logos?
An appeal to logic and reason.
What is pathos?
An appeal to emotion.
What is ethos?
An appeal to credibility or character.