What is the effect of using an objective tone?
Conveys neutrality and impartiality, enhancing credibility.
What is the effect of using a passionate tone?
Evokes strong emotions and engages the audience, but can risk appearing biased.
What is the effect of using a formal style?
Creates a sense of authority and respect, suitable for serious topics.
What is the effect of using an informal style?
Establishes a friendly and relatable connection with the audience.
What is the effect of using sarcasm?
Can create humor or criticism, but risks alienating some audience members.
What is the effect of using irony?
Subtly conveys a meaning opposite to the literal words, adding depth.
What is the effect of using humor?
Engages the audience and makes the argument more relatable, but must be used appropriately.
What is the effect of using vivid imagery?
Creates a strong mental picture, making the argument more memorable and impactful.
What is the effect of using rhetorical questions?
Engages the audience's thought process and emphasizes a point without requiring an answer.
What is the effect of using repetition?
Emphasizes key points and makes the argument more memorable.
What is a hasty generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
What is *ad hominem*?
Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is an appeal to authority fallacy?
Claiming something is true simply because an authority figure said it.
What is a false dilemma (either/or) fallacy?
Presenting only two options when more exist.
What is a bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true because it is popular.
What is a slippery slope fallacy?
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.
What is a post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
What is a red herring fallacy?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the main issue.
What is begging the question (circular reasoning)?
Assuming the conclusion in the premise.
Define 'claim'.
The main point you're arguing for; what you want your audience to believe.
Define 'evidence'.
Facts, data, and examples that support your claim.
Define 'reasoning'.
The explanation of *how* your evidence supports your claim; the logic that connects the dots.
Define 'counterargument'.
Acknowledging and addressing opposing viewpoints.
Define 'ethos'.
Appeals to credibility and authority. Asks: *Why should I trust you?*
Define 'logos'.
Appeals to logic and reason. Asks: *Does this make sense?*
Define 'pathos'.
Appeals to emotions. Asks: *How does this make me feel?*
What is a deductive argument?
Starts with general principles and applies them to specific cases.
What is an inductive argument?
Starts with specific observations and draws a general conclusion.
What is a causal argument?
Argues that one thing causes another.
