All Flashcards
What is a hasty generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
What is ad hominem?
Attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is an appeal to authority fallacy?
Claiming something is true simply because an authority figure said it.
What is a false dilemma (either/or) fallacy?
Presenting only two options when more exist.
What is a bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true because it is popular.
What is a slippery slope fallacy?
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.
What is a post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
What is a red herring fallacy?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the main issue.
What is begging the question (circular reasoning)?
Assuming the conclusion in the premise.
Explain the rhetorical strategy of using ethos.
Establishing credibility by showing expertise or using credible sources.
Explain the rhetorical strategy of using logos.
Using facts, statistics, logical reasoning, and examples to support your claim.
Explain the rhetorical strategy of using pathos.
Using language and examples that evoke emotion, but not overdoing it.
Explain the rhetorical strategy of acknowledging counterarguments.
Showing that you understand opposing viewpoints.
Explain the rhetorical strategy of refuting counterarguments.
Explaining why opposing viewpoints are not as strong as yours.
What is the effect of using strong evidence in an argument?
Increases the believability and persuasiveness of the argument.
What is the effect of using logical reasoning in an argument?
Creates a clear connection between evidence and claim, strengthening the argument.
How does effective use of rhetorical appeals strengthen an argument?
By engaging the audience's credibility assessment, logical understanding, and emotional response.
What is the importance of adapting an oral argument?
It allows you to respond effectively to questions and counterarguments, strengthening your position.
How does planning strengthen an oral argument?
Careful planning ensures a coherent structure and well-supported claims, enhancing persuasiveness.
What is the effect of using an objective tone?
Conveys neutrality and impartiality, enhancing credibility.
What is the effect of using a passionate tone?
Evokes strong emotions and engages the audience, but can risk appearing biased.
What is the effect of using a formal style?
Creates a sense of authority and respect, suitable for serious topics.
What is the effect of using an informal style?
Establishes a friendly and relatable connection with the audience.
What is the effect of using sarcasm?
Can create humor or criticism, but risks alienating some audience members.
What is the effect of using irony?
Subtly conveys a meaning opposite to the literal words, adding depth.
What is the effect of using humor?
Engages the audience and makes the argument more relatable, but must be used appropriately.
What is the effect of using vivid imagery?
Creates a strong mental picture, making the argument more memorable and impactful.
What is the effect of using rhetorical questions?
Engages the audience's thought process and emphasizes a point without requiring an answer.
What is the effect of using repetition?
Emphasizes key points and makes the argument more memorable.