All Flashcards
What is the effect of using a formal tone in writing?
Creates a sense of authority, professionalism, and objectivity.
What is the effect of using an informal tone in writing?
Creates a sense of familiarity, approachability, and connection with the audience.
What is the effect of using a satirical style in writing?
Uses humor, irony, and exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals or institutions.
What is the effect of using an objective tone in writing?
Presents information in a neutral and unbiased manner, focusing on facts and evidence.
What is the effect of using a subjective tone in writing?
Expresses personal opinions, feelings, and beliefs, often using emotional language.
What is the effect of using a didactic style in writing?
Intended to teach or instruct, often conveying moral or ethical lessons.
What is the effect of using a persuasive style in writing?
Aims to convince the audience to accept a particular viewpoint or take a specific action.
What is the effect of using an analytical style in writing?
Examines and evaluates different aspects of a topic, often breaking it down into smaller parts.
What is the effect of using a descriptive style in writing?
Uses vivid language and imagery to create a detailed picture of a person, place, or thing.
What is the effect of using a critical tone in writing?
Expresses disapproval or disagreement, often pointing out flaws or weaknesses.
What is ad hominem?
Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.
What is straw man?
Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
What is false dilemma?
Presenting only two options when more exist.
What is bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that something is true because it is popular.
What is hasty generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.
What is post hoc ergo propter hoc?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
What is appeal to ignorance?
Arguing that something is true because it has not been proven false, or vice versa.
What is slippery slope?
Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.
What is red herring?
Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the main argument.
What is begging the question?
Assuming the conclusion in the premise.
What is the structure of a deductive argument?
Starts with a general premise and moves to a specific conclusion. If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
What is the structure of an inductive argument?
Starts with specific observations and moves to a general conclusion. The conclusion is likely, but not guaranteed, to be true.
What is a Toulmin argument?
Includes claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal. It acknowledges the complexities of arguments.
What is a Rogerian argument?
Focuses on finding common ground and building consensus. Aims to persuade by understanding the opposing viewpoint.
What is appeal to authority?
Citing an expert or authority figure to support a claim. Effective if the authority is credible and relevant.
What is appeal to emotion?
Using emotional language or anecdotes to persuade the audience. Can be powerful but also manipulative.
What is appeal to logic?
Using facts, statistics, and logical reasoning to support a claim. Considered the most reliable form of persuasion.
What is a warrant in argumentation?
The assumption that connects the data to the claim. It explains why the data supports the claim.
What is backing in argumentation?
Additional support for the warrant. It provides further evidence to justify the warrant's validity.
What is a qualifier in argumentation?
A statement that limits the scope of the claim. It acknowledges that the claim may not be true in all cases.