The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing.

An appeal to ethics, credibility, and character.

An appeal to emotion.

An appeal to logic and reason.

A technique used by an author to convey meaning or persuade an audience.

A statement of opinion that the author is trying to prove.

Factual information used to support a claim.

An argument that opposes the author's claim.

Acknowledging the validity of an opposing viewpoint.

Disproving the opposing argument.

Comparison between two things, typically for explanation or clarification. Used to make complex ideas easier to understand.

A short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. Used to engage the audience and illustrate a point.

A question asked for effect rather than requiring an answer. Used to provoke thought and engage the audience.

Repeating words or phrases for emphasis. Used to reinforce key ideas and create a memorable effect.

Using similar grammatical structures to create rhythm and balance. Used to emphasize related ideas and create a sense of unity.

Descriptive language that appeals to the senses. Used to create vivid images and evoke emotions.

The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing. Used to create tone and convey meaning.

An indirect or passing reference to a historical or literary figure or event. Used to enrich meaning and create connections.

Presenting something as less significant than it is. Used for ironic or humorous effect.

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. Used for emphasis or humorous effect.

Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.

Misrepresenting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.

Presenting only two options when more exist.

Arguing that something is true because it is popular.

Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient evidence.

Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.

Arguing that something is true because it has not been proven false, or vice versa.

Arguing that one event will inevitably lead to a series of negative consequences.

Introducing an irrelevant topic to distract from the main argument.

Assuming the conclusion in the premise.