Claims, Reasoning, and Evidence
How would a shift in audience from academic scholars to the general public most likely impact a writer's text?
The writer would use more technical jargon.
The writer would focus on complex theoretical arguments.
The writer would simplify the language and provide more background information.
The writer would shorten the text to maintain the audience's attention.
Which of the following is an example of a supporting detail rather than a main claim?
The minimum legal driving age should be raised to 18.
Increased funding for public schools is essential for improving educational outcomes.
Regular exercise has numerous health benefits.
Studies show a correlation between screen time and decreased attention spans.
A study funded by a soda company claims that sugary drinks have no significant impact on weight gain. What aspect of this evidence should be questioned?
The sample size of the study.
The relevance of the study to the topic.
The credibility of the source due to potential bias.
The statistical methods used in the study.
A politician argues that climate change is not a serious threat, pointing to a single unusually cold winter as evidence. What logical fallacy is present in this argument?
Ad hominem
Straw man
Hasty generalization
Bandwagon
An argument states: 'All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.' What type of reasoning is used in this argument?
Inductive
Deductive
Abductive
Analogical
A passage claims that a new education policy will improve student outcomes because it is based on the methods used in a highly successful school district. However, the passage fails to acknowledge that the successful district has significantly more funding and resources. What is the weakness in this reasoning?
The evidence is irrelevant to the claim.
The connection between evidence and claim is weak due to differing circumstances.
The reasoning relies on an appeal to emotion.
The argument commits a straw man fallacy.
A public service announcement uses fear-inducing imagery and emotional language to discourage smoking. What is the primary purpose of this text?
To inform
To persuade
To entertain
To educate

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Which of the following best describes a 'claim' in the context of argumentative writing?
A fact that is universally accepted.
The writer's main point or argument.
Background information about the topic.
A personal opinion that cannot be debated.
Which sentence is most likely the topic sentence of a paragraph discussing the benefits of exercise?
Exercise can be challenging and time-consuming.
Many people find it difficult to maintain a consistent exercise routine.
Regular exercise offers numerous physical and mental health benefits.
Some types of exercise are more effective than others.
Which element of the rhetorical situation refers to the issue or situation that prompts someone to write or speak?
Purpose
Audience
Exigence
Context