Organizing Information for a Specific Audience

Ignoring the audience to maintain the writer's unique voice.

Understanding the audience's values, beliefs, needs, and background to tailor the message effectively.

Writing solely based on personal experiences without considering the reader.

Using complex language to impress the audience with the writer's knowledge.

It has no influence; good writing is universally effective.

It primarily affects the length of the piece.

It influences the choice of language, tone, and types of evidence used.

It only matters in fictional writing, not in argumentative essays.

An author defines every technical term used in their writing.

An author uses complex jargon without explanation, assuming the audience is familiar with the terminology.

An author provides a detailed historical background for every event mentioned.

An author avoids making any references to current events.

Presenting statistical data on gun violence incidents.

Sharing a story about a child who was a victim of gun violence.

Citing legal precedents related to gun ownership.

Explaining the logical steps through which stricter laws could reduce crime.

Pathos: Sharing personal anecdotes about the method's success.

Logos: Presenting empirical data and logical reasoning to support the method's validity.

Ethos: Emphasizing the writer's personal passion for the research.

A combination of pathos and ethos, downplaying logos.

To confuse the audience.

To create a more persuasive and nuanced argument by engaging different aspects of the audience's understanding.

To undermine the writer's credibility.

They cannot work together.

Evidence that is interesting but unrelated to the argument.

Evidence that directly supports the claim being made.

Evidence that contradicts the claim but is presented anyway.

Evidence that is only tangentially related to the topic.

Peer-reviewed studies showing the positive effects of exercise on cardiovascular health.

Testimonials from athletes about how exercise has improved their performance.

A personal blog post from someone who dislikes exercise.

Data from the CDC on the prevalence of obesity and related diseases.

A fictional story about a child who loves visiting the library.

A statistic from a reputable research institution demonstrating the link between library access and literacy rates.

The writer's personal opinion that libraries are important.

An advertisement for a new bookstore.

To introduce the topic of the essay.

To summarize the main points of the essay.

To present the writer's main claim or argument.

To provide background information on the topic.