The author's way of introducing and detailing a character's physical, personality, and background traits.

A narrator whose account of events is biased, misleading, or incomplete.

A clash between a character's values and modern values or the author's time.

Drawing conclusions about a character's traits based on their actions, words, and descriptions.

The reason behind a character's actions; what drives them.

A recurring character pattern or model, like 'the hero' or 'the mentor'.

A character's point of view on the world, events, and other characters.

A narrator who knows the thoughts and feelings of all the characters in the story.

A narrator who is a character in the story and uses 'I' or 'we'.

A widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.

Claim, data, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal.

Starts with a general statement and reaches a specific conclusion.

Starts with specific observations and reaches a general conclusion.

Methods used to convince an audience, such as appeals to emotion, logic, or ethics.

Asserts that something is true or false.

Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong.

Proposes a specific course of action or solution.

Acknowledging the validity of an opposing viewpoint.

Disproving or weakening an opposing argument.

The underlying assumption that connects the claim and the evidence.

Repeating words or phrases for emphasis and to create a memorable effect. Can reinforce a central idea.

Using language to evoke emotional responses in the audience, making the argument more persuasive. Can create empathy or outrage.

Using facts, statistics, and logical reasoning to support a claim. Strengthens credibility.

Establishing credibility and trustworthiness to persuade the audience. Demonstrates the speaker's knowledge and integrity.

Comparing two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as' to create a vivid image or deeper understanding.

Using descriptive language to appeal to the senses and create a vivid picture in the reader's mind.

Making a reference to a well-known person, event, or literary work to enrich the meaning.

Drawing a comparison between two different things to highlight a similarity for clarification.

Asking a question not for an answer, but to emphasize a point or provoke thought.

Presenting two contrasting ideas in parallel structure to create emphasis.