Glossary
Clauses & Phrases
Grammatical units that contain a subject and a verb (clause) or a group of related words without both (phrase), used to build complex sentences and convey relationships between ideas.
Example:
In the sentence 'Running quickly, the dog, which was very excited, chased the ball across the park,' 'which was very excited' is a clause, and 'across the park' is a phrase.
Commentary
The explanation of how textual evidence supports a claim and connects back to the overall thesis, demonstrating the significance of the evidence.
Example:
After quoting a character's dialogue, your commentary would explain why those specific words reveal their true motivations or contribute to the story's theme.
Diction
An author's specific word choice, which significantly impacts the tone, meaning, and overall effect of a text.
Example:
The poet's use of words like 'whispered,' 'shadowy,' and 'fading' creates a melancholic and mysterious diction.
Evidence
Specific details, quotes, or examples from the text used to support claims and validate a literary argument.
Example:
When discussing the oppressive atmosphere in 1984, quoting Winston's thoughts about the telescreens serves as strong evidence.
Line of Reasoning
The logical progression of ideas and claims that guides the reader through an argument and supports the thesis.
Example:
When analyzing Hamlet's indecision, your line of reasoning might move from his initial grief, to his contemplation of revenge, and finally to his philosophical musings on life and death.
Literary Argument
A defensible interpretation of a text, supported by textual evidence and insightful commentary, rather than a single 'right' answer.
Example:
In an essay arguing that Gatsby's pursuit of Daisy is ultimately self-destructive, you are building a literary argument.
Punctuation
The use of marks such as commas, periods, and semicolons to structure sentences, clarify meaning, and emphasize relationships between ideas.
Example:
An author's deliberate use of a semicolon can link two closely related independent clauses, highlighting their connection through punctuation.
Syntax
The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences, influencing the pace, emphasis, and meaning of a text.
Example:
A long, winding sentence with many subordinate clauses might create a sense of suspense, demonstrating complex syntax.
Thesis Statement
The main claim or central argument of an essay, which must be defensible with evidence and reasoning.
Example:
A strong thesis statement for The Great Gatsby might argue that 'Jay Gatsby's relentless pursuit of an idealized past ultimately leads to his tragic downfall, revealing the hollowness of the American Dream.'