Glossary
Dramatic Irony
A type of irony where the audience or reader knows something important that a character in the story does not, creating tension or suspense.
Example:
In a horror film, the audience knows the killer is hiding in the closet, but the character innocently walks into the room—this is dramatic irony.
Irony
The use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning, or a situation where the outcome is contrary to what is expected.
Example:
It's a classic irony when a fire station burns down, as it's the last place you'd expect such an event.
Juxtaposition
Placing two or more elements (ideas, images, objects) close together to highlight their differences or similarities, creating comparison, contrast, or new understanding.
Example:
In The Great Gatsby, the opulent parties of West Egg are juxtaposed with the desolate 'valley of ashes,' emphasizing the moral decay beneath the glittering surface of the Jazz Age.
Paradox
A statement or situation that appears self-contradictory or absurd but contains a deeper truth or surprising insight.
Example:
The phrase 'less is more' is a paradox, suggesting that simplicity can lead to greater impact or richness.
Situational Irony
A type of irony where the outcome of a situation is contrary to what was expected, creating a surprising or absurd effect.
Example:
A police station getting robbed is an instance of situational irony, as it defies the expectation of security.
Verbal Irony
A type of irony where a speaker says something but means the opposite, often for humorous or sarcastic effect.
Example:
After a terrible performance, saying 'That was brilliant!' is an example of verbal irony.