All Flashcards
What is the relationship between island size and extinction rates?
Larger islands support larger populations, reducing extinction risk.
How does distance from the mainland affect immigration rates?
Closer islands are easier to reach, leading to higher immigration.
Why are endemic species vulnerable?
They are often specialists with narrow niches, susceptible to changes.
Why do invasive species thrive?
Lack of predators, generalist nature, and rapid reproduction aid their success.
How does IBT relate to conservation?
IBT principles guide reserve design to maximize species richness.
Explain the equilibrium point in IBT.
The point where immigration and extinction rates are equal, determining species richness.
What factors determine species richness?
Island size, distance from mainland, immigration, and extinction rates.
Describe the impact of invasive species on endemic species.
Invasive species outcompete and displace endemic species, potentially leading to extinction.
How does habitat diversity affect species richness?
Greater habitat diversity supports a wider range of species, increasing richness.
What role does geographic isolation play in evolution?
It allows populations to evolve independently, leading to unique species.
What is the core concept of IBT?
Dynamic equilibrium between immigration and extinction rates determines species richness.
How does island size affect extinction rates?
Larger islands support larger populations, reducing extinction risk.
How does island distance affect immigration rates?
Islands closer to the mainland have higher immigration rates.
Why are endemic species vulnerable?
They are often specialists with narrow niches, sensitive to change.
Why are invasive species successful?
Lack of predators, generalist nature, and rapid reproduction.
What is the impact of invasives on endemics?
Invasives outcompete endemics, potentially driving them to extinction.
Describe the relationship between island size and species richness.
Larger islands tend to have more species due to greater habitat diversity and resources.
Describe the relationship between island distance and species richness.
Islands closer to the mainland tend to have more species due to higher immigration rates.
What are the key factors that influence the equilibrium number of species on an island?
Island size, distance from the mainland, immigration rates, and extinction rates.
What are the main characteristics of invasive species?
Broad ecological niche, ability to thrive in various conditions, lack of natural predators, and rapid reproduction rates.
Define Island Biogeography Theory.
Explains how island size and location affect species number, balancing immigration and extinction.
What are endemic species?
Species native to a specific area, often specialists, vulnerable to change.
Define invasive species.
Non-native species that spread rapidly, causing harm, often generalists.
What is adaptive radiation?
Evolution of many species from a single ancestor, each filling a different niche.
Define immigration in IBT.
The arrival of new species to an island.
Define extinction in IBT.
The dying out of species already present on an island.
Define species richness.
The number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region.
What is a generalist species?
A species that can thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and make use of a variety of different resources.
What is a specialist species?
A species that can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet.
Define ecological niche.
The role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces.