All Flashcards
What happens if a keystone species is removed from an ecosystem?
The entire ecosystem can change dramatically, potentially leading to collapse.
How does a volcanic eruption initiate primary succession?
It creates a barren landscape with no soil, requiring pioneer species to begin soil formation.
How does a fire lead to secondary succession?
It clears existing vegetation but leaves soil intact, allowing for faster regrowth.
What are the steps of primary succession?
- Rock broken down by pioneer species. 2. Soil forms. 3. Grasses and plants take root. 4. Shrubs and trees compete. 5. Hardwood trees form a forest (climax community).
Outline the process of secondary succession.
- Disturbance occurs (e.g., fire). 2. Pioneer species (grasses/weeds) colonize. 3. Other plants establish. 4. Faster progression to climax community.
How do lichens contribute to soil formation?
Lichens use weathering and erosion to break down rock, creating soil.
What is the key difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession starts with no soil, while secondary succession starts with existing soil.
Why are keystone species important?
They play a critical role in maintaining ecosystem structure and function.
How do indicator species help monitor environmental health?
Their presence, absence, or condition reflects the health of the ecosystem.
Why is ecological succession considered a dynamic process?
Ecosystems are constantly changing and adapting, not reaching a static endpoint.
How does succession affect animal life (fauna)?
As plant life changes, so does animal life, as different animals thrive in different habitats.
Why is a climax community not always a forest?
A climax community is any stable ecosystem, such as a desert, that has reached equilibrium.
What happens if a keystone species is removed from an ecosystem?
The ecosystem can change dramatically, leading to major disruptions.
How does the environment influence succession?
Changes in the environment can cause the climax community to shift and succession to restart.
Why is primary succession a slow process?
It takes a long time (hundreds or thousands of years) for soil to form.
What role do grasses and weeds play in secondary succession?
They are the first to arrive and colonize the disturbed area.